The next challenge in qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning is to develop calculi that deal with different aspects of space and time. One approach to achieve this is to combine existing calculi that cover the different aspects. This, however, can lead to calculi that have a very large number of relations and it is a matter of ongoing discussions within the research community whether such l...

Objective: To analyze the chemical components of prostatic calculi. Method: An infrared automatic analyzer was used to determine the chemical components of prostatic calculi from 86 patients, and the causes of formation and related clinical data were examined. Results: Magnesium ammonium phosphate and carbapatite were found in 84.9% of calculi, and the difference in the comparison with urinary ...

Extensive prostatic calculi in a young man should always elicit the suspicion of alkaptonuria. Although prostatic calculi are seen in chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome and benign prostate hyperplasia, none of these have prostatic calculi or calcification as extensive as in alkaptonuria. A 36 years young man who had severed obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms with extensive ...

In their seminal paper Artemov and Protopopescu provide Hilbert formal systems, Brower–Heyting–Kolmogorov Kripke semantics for the logics of intuitionistic belief knowledge. Subsequently Krupski has proved that logic knowledge is PSPACE-complete Su Sano have provided calculi enjoying subformula property. This continues investigations around sequent Intuitionistic Epistemic Logics by providing p...

Prostatic calculi often occur in middle-aged and old men. Prostatic calculi are usually classified as primary/endogenous stones or secondary/extrinsic stones. Endogenous stones are commonly caused by obstruction of the prostatic ducts around the enlarged prostate by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or by chronic inflammation. Extrinsic stones occur mainly around the urethra, because they are ...

Psi-calculi is a parametric framework for extensions of the pi-calculus, with arbitrary data structures and logical assertions for facts about data. This thesis presents broadcast psi-calculi and higher-order psi-calculi, two extensions of the psi-calculi framework, allowing respectively one-to-many communications and the use of higher-order process descriptions through conditions in the parame...

We present a case of submandibular duct calculi diagnosed using transoral sonography. Sonography is the first-line imaging modality of salivary gland calculi. However, it is performed via a transcutaneous approach, which is limited in identifying small salivary duct calculi. Using an intraoral transducer, transoral sonography can visualize the submandibular duct and detect the presence of small...

We provide a systematic and modular method to define nondeterministic finite-valued semantics for a natural and very general family of canonical labelled calculi, of which many previously studied sequent and labelled calculi are particular instances. This semantics is effective, in the sense that it naturally leads to a decision procedure for these calculi. It is then applied to provide simple ...

The syntax of modal graphs is defined in terms of the continuous cut and broken cut following Charles Peirce’s notation in the gamma part of his graphical logic of existential graphs. Graphical calculi for normal modal logics are developed based on a reformulation of the graphical calculus for classical propositional logic. These graphical calculi are of the nature of deep inference. The relati...

We present the first internal calculi for Lewis’ conditional logics characterized by uniformity and reflexivity, including non-standard internal hypersequent calculi for a number of extensions of the logic VTU. These calculi allow for syntactic proofs of cut elimination and known connections to S5. We then introduce standard internal hypersequent calculi for all these logics, in which sequents ...