Amorphous sulfated zirconium hydroxide was promoted with iron or manganese via the incipient wetness technique, to give 0.5–3.5 weight% promoter in the final catalyst. An exothermic reaction during the calcination temperature ramp (to 823 or 923 K) leads to a rapid overheating (“glow”) of the sample. XRD shows that crystallization starts before and progresses during the overheating. The surface...

nano-structured lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite, la0.6sr0.4co0.2fe0.8o3 (lscf), was successfully synthesized via co-precipitation method using metal nitrates as starting materials. effects of precipitating agent and calcination temperature on the phase composition and morphology of synthesized powders were systematically studied using x-ray diffraction (xrd) and field emission scanning elect...

The NbSe2 nanoplates with novel hexagonal morphology have been obtained via solid-state assembly of NbSe2 ultrathin nanosheets, which were prepared by a simple calcination process using micro-sized Nb and Se powders as the precursors. The influence of high-temperature annealing upon morphology of single-crystal NbSe2 was investigated. On the basis of experimental results of different temperatur...

We present a novel approach to remove the structure-directing agent (SDA) from as-synthesized zeolites using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). This reduces the time required to less than 60 seconds as compared to the existing thermal calcination, whose durations range from hours to days. The highly reactive plasma also results in a pronounced Q(3)-to-Q(4) transformation in the pure-sil...

in this research, the effects of temperature, time and grinding on the types of phases in the calcined kaolin and calcite mixture was investigated. differential thermal analysis (dta) and x-ray diffraction of samples showed that gehlenite is formed at 990 ˚c as the main phase which transforms into anorthite with an increase in the temperature to 1200 ˚c. after grinding the mixture and with incr...

To overcome the recovery disadvantages of Bi2O3 photocatalyst in the form of powder, Bi2O3 photocatalyst coatings were developed via a ball milling, followed by the calcination method. The composition and structure evolution rules of the as-synthesized samples were analyzed based on XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) patterns and SEM (scanning electron microscope) observations. XPS (X-ray photoelec...

Synthetic fluorspar can be produced from waste calcium fluoride slurry settled on dumpsites located near Cracow centre. Synthetic fluorspar exchanges natural raw material used in the metallurgical industry. To obtain grained synthetic fluorspar, calcium fluoride slurry should be calcinated in rotary kilns at temperatures of 900-1100K. Grain size and compression strength strongly depends on calc...