Calcium is an essential macronutrient as well as an ubiquitous second messenger, playing a pivotal role in plant growth and development. The neutral cytosolic pH, acidic apoplastic and vacuolar pH is maintained by synergistic action of different channels/transporters in plant cells. In the cytosol, a submicro-molar range of calcium is maintained for efficient biochemical and physiological funct...

The phas promoter displays stringent spatial regulation, being very highly expressed during embryogenesis and completely silent during all phases of vegetative development in bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. This pattern is maintained in transgenic tobacco and, as shown here, Arabidopsis. Dimethyl sulphate in vivo footprinting analyses revealed that over 20 cis-elements within the proximal 295 bp of t...

In order to support communication and computation cooperation, we propose MC-RAN architecture, which consists of mobile cloud (MC) as the computation provision platform and radio access network (RAN) as the communication interface. The MC-RAN aims to undertake the following tasks: (1) to increase user equipments’ computing capacity by triggering offloading action, especially for those UEs which...

Mammalian Na+/Ca2+ exchangers are members of three branches of a much larger family of transport proteins [the CaCA (Ca2+/cation antiporter) superfamily] whose main role is to provide control of Ca2+ flux across the plasma membranes or intracellular compartments. Since cytosolic levels of Ca2+ are much lower than those found extracellularly or in sequestered stores, the major function of Na+/Ca...

The receptor pharmacology of cholinergic ("starburst") amacrine cells was studied in a newly developed rabbit retinal slice preparation with whole-cell patch clamp. Displaced starburst cells were labeled with the fluorescent dye 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and their dendritic morphology was identified in the slice with Lucifer yellow. Under conditions in which synaptic transmission was...

24 25 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) – gated chloride channel receptors are abundant in the 26 central nervous system where their physiological role is to mediate fast inhibitory 27 neurotransmission. In insects, this inhibitory transmission plays a crucial role in olfactory 28 information processing. In an effort to understand the nature and properties of the ionotropic 29 receptors involved i...

www.cjcsysu.com Chinese Anti-Cancer Association CACA 521 Authors′ Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, Los Angeles, Martinez, CA 94553, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institut...

The effects of GABA and related agents were studied in solitary rod- and cone-driven horizontal cells, acutely isolated from the catfish retina using enzymatic and mechanical treatment. Both types of horizontal cells, which normally receive glutamatergic input from photoreceptors, responded to pressure ejection of the glutamate analog kainate (50 microM) with an inward current of 300-800 pA whe...

CACA 369 Perspective The recent effort by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Network has revealed that gastric cancer, which is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate less than 25%, is a much more heterogeneous disease than previously thought. And yet, conventional treatment approaches and clinical trials have assumed it is a single disease. Although it is we...

Amacrine cells in the vertebrate retina receive glutamatergic input from bipolar cells and make synapses onto bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and other amacrine cells. Recent studies indicate that amacrine cells express metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and that signaling within the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina might be modulated by mGluR activity. This study tests the hypot...