several mri contrast agents (cas) are used in medical diagnosis that gadolinium (gd3+) is the most widely used as contrast agents. unfortunately, its toxicity is due to its inefficiency. in this review, we discuss about the ability of spions in mri and application in multiple sclerosis diagnosis. superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (spions) such as magnetite nanoparticles are used as goo...

in the background of different sciences, compiling the record of periods is very helpful to better understand and recognize rise and fall of the science. this is also applicable to islamic jurisprudence, which is one branch of islamic sciences. many scholars of jurisprudence science have proposed historical periods for it. but, unfortunately, there has not been recorded any profound research wo...

the nervous system has an important and vital role in the human body, but unfortunately the repairment of damaged nervous tissue is very slowly. for a long time, the scientists have been involved in finding ways to speed up this process. radiation of low power he-ne laser has been suggested to as a way to improve this issue. in this study, 20 rats were divided randomly into control and case gro...

alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorders. memory loss in an alert person and impairment in the function of language, attention, perception, judgment or problem solving can occur in patients with ad. however, there are some medications in order to delay the debilitating aspects of the disease; but unfortunately, scientists could not found approaches to...

800x600 unfortunately, at present, degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa remains untreatable. patients with these conditions suffer progressive visual decline resulting from continuing loss of photoreceptor cells and outer nuclear layers. however, stem cell therapy is a promising approach to restore visual function in eyes with degenerative retinal diseases such as retiniti...

meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis in newborns and young infants (age < 60 days) are the main causes of childhood mortality in developing countries. even though streptococcus pneumonia is the most commonly detected microorganism in pediatric bacterial meningitis, it is rare in newborn infants. the following article reports a case of pneumococcal meningitis that was detected early in a newborn in...

We present 2 cases of isolated tumour the calvaria that underwent a different management but, unexpectedly, same very rare diagnosis primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cranial vault. Unfortunately, outcome was opposite due to numerous factors. discuss herein radiological and surgical options in light literature.

abstract the aim of this paper is to illustrate the role of metaphor in education. the main thesis is that the metaphors shape our attitude towards education implicitly.  with this aim in mind, first, the concept of metaphor is briefly introduced, and then three of the most famous metaphors that have been used in education (factories, gardening and travel), and their differences are discussed. ...