An optical bunch-by-bunch beam diagnostic system, which can detect oscillations of individual bunches in a multi­ bunch operation, has been developed. The system is com­ posed of a high-speed light shutter and an optical beam­ oscillation detector. The shutter that consists of a pockels cell and polarizers can be opened or closed in a bunch spac­ ing time (2ns in KEK-PF) and it can select a lig...

A method of measuring the spot size or bunch length of intense charged particle beams is proposed. The relation between the size (widths and length) of a charged particle beam and the beam's electric field forms the basis for a submicron beam size monitor. When the beam passes through a low pressure gas of high Z atoms, the collective field of the beam causes multiple ionizations of the gas ato...

A theory of transition free-electron laser ~FEL! driven by an electron bunch of finite longitudinal length is presented. It is shown that one can introduce concepts of a long, a short, and a very short bunch depending on the degree of correlation between the bunch effective length and the transition radiation formation length. It is obtained that a long Gaussian bunch produces an electromagneti...

Free electron lasers (FEL) need a very bright electron beam in three dimensions and a high peak charge density. In order to compress an initially longer electron bunch generated from the photoinjector, magnetic bunch compression systems are widely employed. In this paper, first harmonic RF linearization and its associated requirements are reviewed. Meanwhile it is also briefly discussed what is...

Abstract The acoustic pulse emitted from the Bragg peak of a laser-accelerated proton bunch focused into water has recently enabled reconstruction energy distribution. By adding three ultrasonic transducers and implementing fast data analysis filtered raw signals, I-BEAT (Ion-Bunch Energy Acoustic Tracing) 3D now provides mean absolute lateral position in real-time for individual bunches. Relat...

A prototype programmable bunch-by-bunch signal acquisition and processing channel with multiple applications in storage rings has been developed at SLAC. The processing channel supports up to 5120 bunches with bunch spac-ings as close as 1.9 ns. The prototype has been tested and operated in five storage rings: SPEAR-3, DA¨NE, PEP-II, KEKB, and ATF damping ring. The testing included such applica...

The use of manual (i.e., active) restraint systems (or seat belts) in cars has increased dramatically over the last several decades, changing from around 10% in the late 1970s to as much as 68% in the 1990s (Datta & Guzek, 1992; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA], 1996b). Several factors are responsible for this increase. One important determinant has been the passage of man...

In high charge RF photoinjectors for wakefield two beam acceleration studies, due to the strong longitudinal space charge, bunch lengthening between the photocathode and photoinjector exit is a critical issue. We present beam dynamics studies of bunch lengthening in an RF photoinjector for a high charge electron beam and describe methods to compensate the bunch lengthening to various degrees. I...

The date palm bunch fading disorder/disease is one of the greatest challenges faced by date palm growers. In the present study, the effect of appropriate orchard management on some qualitative and quantitative features of date palm bunch was studied. For this purpose, two orchards of cv ‘Kabkab’ with a history of previous incidence were selected in two districts of Bushehr province; Tangestan a...