We report a 7-year-old girl who suddenly developed dyspnea, which was persistent, progressive, and severe with associated stridor hoarseness following the aspiration of light-emitting diode (LED) bulb that she held in her mouth while playing friend. Plain radiograph soft-tissue neck revealed U-shaped radiopaque object glottis. An otolaryngologist extracted LED from glottis through direct laryng...

KEY POINTS The gut hormone called glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a strong moderator of energy homeostasis and communication between the peripheral organs and the brain. GLP-1 signalling occurs in the brain; using a newly developed genetic reporter line of mice, we have discovered GLP-synthesizing cells in the olfactory bulb. GLP-1 increases the firing frequency of neurons (mitral cells) tha...

STOCHASTIC SYNCHRONY AND PHASE RESETTING CURVES: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS Sashi K. Marella, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2012 We investigate the relationship between the shape of the phase-resetting curve (PRC) and the degree of stochastic synchronization observed between a pair of uncoupled general oscillators receiving partially correlated Poisson inputs. Using perturbation methods, we derive...

BACKGROUND The impact of respiratory dynamics on odor response has been poorly studied at the olfactory bulb level. However, it has been shown that sniffing in the behaving rodent is highly dynamic and varies both in frequency and flow rate. Bulbar odor response could vary with these sniffing parameter variations. Consequently, it is necessary to understand how nasal airflow can modify and shap...

Somerset in the Southern Command. cases of complete division of the nerve the ends may lie quite apart, and the proximal end, as is well known, often has quite a marked bulb on it. This bulb is generally adherent by scar tissue to the surrounding structures, as is also the distal end of the nerve. But in some cases of complete division the ends are united by a bridge of scar tissue. This bridge...

Understanding how neural and behavioral timescales interact to influence cortical activity and stimulus coding is an important issue in sensory neuroscience. In air-breathing animals, voluntary changes in respiratory frequency alter the temporal patterning olfactory input. In the olfactory bulb, these behavioral timescales are reflected in the temporal properties of mitral/tufted (M/T) cell spi...