Many genomes have been sequenced to high-quality draft status using Sanger capillary electrophoresis and/or newer short-read sequence data and whole genome assembly techniques. However, even the best draft genomes contain gaps and other imperfections due to limitations in the input data and the techniques used to build draft assemblies. Sequencing biases, repetitive genomic features, genomic po...

Photoreceptor adaptation ensures appropriate visual responses during changing light conditions and contributes to colour constancy. We used behavioural tests to compare UV-sensitivity of budgerigars after adaptation to UV-rich and UV-poor backgrounds. In the latter case, we found lower UV-sensitivity than expected, which could be the result of photon-shot noise corrupting cone signal robustness...

Macrorhabdosis is a debilitating syndrome in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) due to theascomycetous yeast Macrorhabdus ornithogaster. In the present study, occurrences of acutemacrorhabdosis resulting in severe mortality in budgerigar fledglings and the effect of differenttreatment regimens for the control of the disease were investigated. The budgerigar (Melopsittacusundulates) flock con...

Budgerigar is a common name for a colorful Australian native bird belonging to the Melopsittacus undulatus species. It is a very familiar pet around the world and its breeding has been grown in Iran. This study was conducted on a 2-year-old budgerigar with a nodular mass on the left wing. Physical examination revealed a firm, round and well-circumscribed mass approximately 1.70 cm in d...

Ectoparasite infestations are of the most important and neglected diseases birds. Ectoparasites cause sirious harmful effects such as; irritation, feathers skin damage, restlessness, anemia, weight loss, transmission other pathogens, reducing overall fitness decreasing long term survival depending on intensity infestation. The main objective this study was to investigate ectoparasites budgeriga...

BACKGROUND: The tongue, which plays a very important role in food intake by vertebrates, exhibits significant morphological variations that appear to represent adaptation to the current environmental conditions of each respective habitat. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present investigation was to investigate lingual structure in adult budgerigar. METHODS: Tongues of 12 adult budgerigars were used ...

  Leiomyosarcoma in birds is relatively rare. This tumor as a muscle neoplasm was reported in captive and free ranging birds. Smooth muscle cells may develop to the leiomyosracoma, but splenic smooth muscle trabeculae is most common site of the tumor growth. Although budgerigars have an incidence of neoplastic diseases but smooth muscle tumors were rarely reported in this species. To the best o...