In many real decision situations, for each of the alternatives, we only have fuzzy information about the consequences of each action. This fuzzy information can be described by a fuzzy number, i.e., by a membership function with a single local maximum, or it can be described by a more complex fuzzy set, with several local maxima. We show that, from the viewpoint of decision making, it is suffic...

BACKGROUND Vaccinia virus strain Lister Elstree (VACV) is a test virus in the DVV/RKI guidelines as representative of the stable enveloped viruses. Since the potential risk of laboratory-acquired infections with VACV persists and since the adverse effects of vaccination with VACV are described, the replacement of VACV by the modified vaccinia Ankara strain (MVA) was studied by testing the activ...

There are two main families of on-line algorithms depending on whether a relative entropy or a squared Euclidean distance is used as a regularizer. The difference between the two families can be dramatic. The question is whether one can always achieve comparable performance by replacing the relative entropy regularization by the squared Euclidean distance plus additional linear constraints. We ...

This study was conducted for comparing the diagnostic rate of CT and IVU for hematuria and establishing a proper diagnostic protocol During the year of 2004, total 32 patients presented with hematuria received both IVU and CT examination. The CT examination included three phase axial scan: noncontrast (phase I), 90 seconds (phase II) and 180 seconds (phase III) after contrast administration and...

The Wada test is typically used for identification of the languageand memory-dominant cerebral hemisphere. The test is considered the “gold standards”—a term implying that the evidence it furnishes is trust worthier than evidence from other methods. The advent of noninvasive functional neuroimaging now raises the possibility of replacing this “gold standard” pro-vided it offers equally trustwor...

Introduction: Although AED (automated external defibrillator) are being placed in many public places, standard manual defibrillator (SMD) still predominates in the hospital setting. Study Objective: Determine differences in time to first shock by residents comparing AED's to SMD's. Methods: Emergency Medicine residents were tested using both AED and SMD separately in simulated cardiac arrests. ...