It is common in practice that retailers liquidate unsold perishable goods via clearance pricing. Markdown money is frequently used between manufacturers and retailers in such a supply chain setting. It is a form of rebate from a manufacturer to subsidize a retailer’s clearance pricing after the regular season. Two forms of markdown money are percent markdown money, in which the markdown money i...

This paper provides an ontology-based set of Petri-nets for simulating the effect of business process changes on an organisation’s liquidity, and demonstrates that certain types of business process redesign can increase or reduce the amount of external funding that is required to prevent an organisation from defaulting on its debt. This debt defaulting may lead to proliferating liquidity constr...

This article provides an analysis of the economic cost incurred by world through use fiat international reserve currency since end 1971 gold standard system. The uses Quantity Theory Money to provide empirical manifestation how yields income its issuing country provision inflation buffer, which is equivalent what frames as imperial rent currency. then a method estimate cumulative quantity this ...

This paper examines the effects of selected macroeconomic variables on the stock market index in Iran. Using quarterly data, we examine the relationships between the Tehran Stock Index (TSI) and five macroeconomic variables which consist of gross domestic product, nominal effective exchange rate, money supply, gold coin price and investment in housing sector from 1996:1 to 2008:1.Various e...

Once upon a time in a faraway place, cattle was used for money. Alas, one black and gloomy day a wicked witch destroyed half the herd. With the fall in the supply of money, consumption of milk and meat declined. In such a golden age, it is easy to construct a link between the money supply (or monetary policy) and consumption. Thus to reduce the debate among economists, maybe the U.S. should swi...

Numerous empirical studies have been devoted to analyses of diverse inflation processes and have demonstrated consistent patterns for money price relationships for various market economies. While these propositions may be valid for market economies, they do not seem to be holding for the majority of transition economies. Except for Russia and Poland, no systematic pattern for the money price re...