Vital staining of the endothelial graft is essential during Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) to ensure surgical success. DMEK surgeons worldwide commonly use trypan blue (TB) to this end. However, TB may exert toxic effects on both the cornea and retina. Recently, Brilliant Blue G (BBG) has become recognized as an alternative stain for use during vitreoretinal surgery; BBG is...

Sheep oocytes derived from the ovaries collected from the slaughterhouse are often used for research on in vitro embryo production, animal cloning, transgenesis, embryonic stem cells, and other embryo biotechnology aspects. Improving the in vitro culture efficiency of oocytes can provide more materials for similar studies. Generally, determination of oocyte quality is mostly based on the layers...

A basic dye is usually obtained in the form of the salt some of which may be transformed in aqueous solution to free base (the m o u n t depending on the "apparent" dissociation constant of the dye and the pH value), and in the range of pH values generally employed with living cells (approximately between pH 5 and 9.5) both forms of dye must be considered. In this range methylene blue, for exam...

Derivatives of the standard cationic photosensitiser, methylene blue, were synthesised, having extra amino (basic) functionality in the auxochromic side-chain. The resulting analogues were profiled for photodynamic activity in vitro, and screened against standard Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for photobactericidal activity. The substitution pattern of the derivatives was such that io...

Blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) is used extensively for characterization of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and uses the binding of Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 to visualize proteins. Oxidative modification of sulfhydryl groups of such proteins can be evaluated by labeling with iodoacetamide conjugated to biotin (BIAM) and detected with streptavidin peroxidase on Western blots f...

We report the simple synthesis and full investigation of a novel heparin binding dye, mallard blue, an arginine-functionalized thionine. This dye binds heparin in highly competitive media, including water with high levels of competitive electrolyte, buffered aqueous solution and human serum. The dye reports on heparin levels by a significant change in its UV-vis spectroscopic profile. Molecular...

Vaccine bodies in living corneal cells may be specifically stained by the addition of a small quantity of brilliant cresyl blue 2 B to the physiological salt solution in which they are being observed. Their appearance by this method (Figs. 3 to 17) corresponds with that seen in fixed preparations (Figs. 22 to 42). Both lines of study reveal the existence of traces of similar material in unvacci...

When large amounts of brilliant vital red are injected into the blood stream of dogs, the dye is gradually removed from circulation, and most of it is deposited in numerous phagocytic cells which are scattered throughout various organs and tissues. The dye occurs largely in the form of tiny red granules crowded together in the cytoplasm of these cells. If Niagara sky blue, a closely related dye...