Proper interpretation of forensic measurements can be critical to the administration of justice. Breath alcohol testing is commonly relied upon to measure the concentration of alcohol in breath or, indirectly, in blood. The concentration sought constitutes the "quantity intended to be measured," referred to as the measurand. Although breath tests always probe the same physical quantity, their m...

CC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. *Correspondence: Kok-Ann Gwee, MD Gleneagles Hospital Annexe Block 05-37, 6A Napier Road...

For determination of breath-alcohol concentration (BrAC) the examined subject has to perform a breath test with forced expiration. During this test essential physical quantities change continuously. Ethanol concentration, breath temperature, and breath flow are such important quantities. Significant results can only be obtained if concentration (BrAC) and temperature have reached final values a...

The alcohol breath test (ABT) is evaluated for variability in response to changes in physiological parameters. The ABT was originally developed in the 1950s, at a time when understanding of pulmonary physiology was quite limited. Over the past decade, physiological studies have shown that alcohol is exchanged entirely within the conducting airways via diffusion from the bronchial circulation. T...

Lemahieu, W. P. D., B. D. Maes, Y. Ghoos, P. Rutgeerts, K. Verbeke, and Y. Vanrenterghem. Measurement of hepatic and intestinal CYP3A4 and PGP activity by combined po iv [14C]erythromycin breath and urine test. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285: G470–G482, 2003; 10.1152/ajpgi.00028.2003.—The aim of the present study was to develop a test for measuring hepatic and intestinal removal of...

Few clinical studies have so far focused on gastrointestinal motility in patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis. A 29-year-old man was evaluated for epigastralgia of unknown origin. A histopathological examination of biopsy specimens from the duodenum revealed numerous eosinophilic infiltrations. Eosinophilic enteritis was therefore diagnosed. The patient received oral prednisolone and his ...

The alcohol breath test is reviewed with a focus on gas exchange factors affecting its accuracy. The basis of the alcohol breath test is the assumption that alveolar air reaches the mouth during exhalation with no change in alcohol concentration. Recent investigations have shown that alcohol concentration is altered during its transit to the mouth. The exhaled alcohol concentration is modified ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS 13C-Ketoisocaproic Acid Breath Test (13C-Kica-BT) has been proposed to assess mitochondrial function. Aim of this study is to evaluate whether gender affects mithocondrial oxidation by means of 13C-Kica-BT in healthy subjects in basal conditions and after an acute oxidative stress induced by ethanol. METHODOLOGY 50 healthy volunteers were given 1 mg/kg of 13C-Kica together...