primary tuberculosis of the breast is a rare disease. it usually occurs in female of reproductive age. any form of tuberculosis mastitis may present with feature of malignancy. diagnosis is mainly based on identification of tubercle bacilli. we report a 42-year-old woman with primary tuberculosis abscess of the breast, who underwent surgical resection. fine needle biopsy failed to achieve speci...

to investigate the patterns of dna ploidy and proliferating activity in breast cancer and relate them to other prognostic factors, paraffin blocks of 53 cases of breast carcinoma were studied. cancer cells obtained by mechanical tissue disaggregation were examined for dna content, ploidy and s-phase fraction. dna assay was done using a cas interactive image analyzing system. all of the cases sh...

background: ras-associated domain family 1 (rassf1a) and hypermethylated in cancer (hic1) genes are methylated more frequently in breast cancer. genetic factors that alter the dna methylation levels in normal and tumor tissues could therefore influence the susceptibility to this tumor phenotype. objective: we determined the frequency of aberrant methylation of hic1 and rassf1a gene promoters an...

context triple negative breast cancer (tnbc) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that is negative for esterogen receptor (er) progesteron receptor (pr) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2). this type of breast cancer is typically high-grade carcinomas, although low-grade tumors occur. the aim of this review is to focus on molecular classification and features, prognostic markers...

OBJECTIVE Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in Iranian women. Breast tumors are classified based on the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression status into ER negative and ER positive tumors. ER negative tumors tend to have worse prognosis and less likely to respond to endocrine therapy. Aberrant methylation of gene promoter is one of the mechanisms for gene silencing in breast tumors. B...

Background and Aims: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules play a substantial role in T Lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immune response. Down-regulation of HLA expression may help the tumor to escape from immune surveillance. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between HLA-G and HLA-E tissue distribution and the degree of tumor malignancy in human breast tumors. Materials and Methods:...

histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological aggressiveness. the elston and ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast carcinomas and other invasive tumors are routinely used. the aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. the samples included ...

Background: Breast cancer is currently one of the most common types suffered by women, with highest prevalence in all countries world. Herbal plants are thought to increase immune system against tumors, which okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) has potential as an anti-tumor and anti-carcinogenic. This study aimed assess efficacy ethanol extract on granzyme expression tumor mass diameter mammary aden...

Mass lesions are one of the breast cancer tumors. Mammogram images first screening tool to detect tumors in women breast, but due radiologist fatigue, number false positive (FP) and negative (FN) rates increased. The main objective this paper is develop an intelligent computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system that can accurately mass digitized mammogram images. proposed method has three stages. sta...