background: plants and fruits are an essential component of the universe. human beings have used those as medicine from the very beginning of time. according to holy quran, the fruits like grape, date, fig, olive and pomegranate are gifts and heavenly fruits of god. eighteen fruits and plants name have been mentioned in the holy book of moslem. a phytochemical screening of these fruits and plan...

Plants attacked by herbivorous insects emit volatile compounds that attract predators or parasitoids of the herbivores. Plant fitness increases when these herbivorous insects are parasitized by solitary parasitoids, but whether gregarious koinobiont parasitoids also confer a benefit to plant fitness has been disputed. We investigated the relationship between parasitoid load of the gregarious Co...

The number of major rDNA loci (the genes coding for 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA) was investigated in the economically important Brassica species and their wild relatives by in situ hybridization of an rDNA probe to metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei. The diploid species B. nigra (B genome) has two major pairs of rDNA loci, B. oleracea (C genome) has two major pairs and one minor pair of loci, wh...