Objective(s):Previous studies demonstrated a functional similarity between vertebrate and honey bee nervous systems. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of heroin and Iranian street Kerack, a combination of heroin and caffeine, on sensory threshold and locomotor activity in honey bees. Materials and Methods: All drugs were given orally to honey bees 30 min before each exper...

In the development of neuroinflammatory diseases, alterations of the blood brain barrier (BBB) represent key events. The integrity of the BBB is partially maintained by endothelia cells (ECs), since they actively limit the transmigration of immune cells. However, the factors that cause endothelial cells to develop an immune cell-permissive phenotype are poorly understood. In general, it has bee...

in the development of neuroinflammatory diseases, alterations of the blood brain barrier (bbb) represent key events. the integrity of the bbb is partially maintained by endothelia cells (ecs), since they actively limit the transmigration of immune cells. however, the factors that cause endothelial cells to develop an immune cell-permissive phenotype are poorly understood. in general, it has bee...

OBJECTIVE Reported brain abnormalities in anatomy and function in psychiatric and neurological patients led to a project based on qualitative electroencephalography examination and analysis in an attempt to find specific brain derived pattern--or sequence of brain locations involved in processing various stimuli--both visual and auditory. METHODS Specialized software called Brain Activation S...

Glycation is a protein modification, which results in a change in a protein structure. Glycation is believed to be the etiology of various age-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus and Alz-heimer’s disease (AD). Activation of microglia and resident macrophages in the brain by glycated proteins with subsequent oxidative stress and cytokine release may be an important factor in the progressi...