In recent years, the standard numerical methods for partial differential equations have been extended with variants that address issue of domain discretisation in complicated domains. Sometimes similar requirements are induced by local parameter-dependent features solutions, instance, boundary or internal layers. The adaptive reference elements one way which harmonic extension elements, an p-ve...

The boundary element technique is a practical problem-solving tool and useful in comparison to other currently popular alternatives. In this paper, a circular tunnel of a diameter 3.4 m is to be excavated through a clayey soil and surrounded by concrete lining of a thickness 0.2 m, so the clear internal diameter is 3.0 m. A plane strain analysis is adopted for such problem and the soil is assum...

Although the boundary elements of the Drosophila Bithorax complex (BX-C) have properties similar to chromatin insulators, genetic substitution experiments have demonstrated that these elements do more than simply insulate adjacent cis-regulatory domains. Many BX-C boundaries lie between enhancers and their target promoter, and must modulate their activity to allow distal enhancers to communicat...

Boundary elements are thought to define the ends of functionally independent domains of genetic activity. An assay for boundary activity based on this concept measures the ability to insulate a bracketed, chromosomally integrated reporter gene from position effects. Despite their presumed importance, the few examples identified to date apparently do not share sequence motifs or DNA binding prot...

Chromatin domain boundary elements prevent inappropriate interaction between distant or closely spaced regulatory elements and restrict enhancers and silencers to correct target promoters. In spite of having such a general role and expected frequent occurrence genome wide, there is no DNA sequence analysis based tool to identify boundary elements. Here, we report chromatin domain Boundary Eleme...

IT outsourcing success depends on efficient management of client-vendor relationships, wherein, boundary spanners play a crucial role. Boundary spanners are individuals, who operate at the boundary of an organization, performing relevant tasks (Leifer & Delbecq, 1978). In this research we use a qualitative case research method to address the research question “How do boundary spanners influence...