Male and female sexes have evolved repeatedly in eukaryotes but the origins of dimorphic sexes and their relationship to mating types in unicellular species are not understood. Volvocine algae include isogamous species such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with two equal-sized mating types, and oogamous multicellular species such as Volvox carteri with sperm-producing males and egg-producing femal...

This study investigated the effectiveness of a water additive in improving the mobility levels of a sample of dogs with moderately impaired mobility. The water additive contained Boswellia Serrata (Boswellic Acid) and Turmeric (source of Curcumin) as its primary bioactive ingredients. A sample of 40 mobility-impaired dogs were stratified by gender and randomly assigned to control and treatment ...

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is an endocrine disorder that affects a large percentage of patients. High blood glucose causes fatty deposits in the liver which is likely to increase in SGOT and SGPT activities. Significant increase in SGOT/SGPT and low HDL levels is observed in patients with diabetes. Serum fructosamine concentration reflects the degree of blood glucose control in diabetic patient...

Colorectal cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in world. KRAS mutations colon are being responsible for progressiveness and resistance standard therapeutic available. Marine sponge sources chemotherapy. Stylissa carteri a marine that lives Indonesia its anti-cancer effects starting to be explored nowadays. The purpose this study was determine cytotoxicity anti-proliferative effect ethan...

The sponge Stylissa carteri is known to produce a number of secondary metabolites displaying anti-fouling, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. However, the anti-viral potential of metabolites produced by S. carteri has not been extensively explored. In this study, an S. carteri extract was HPLC fractionated and a cell based assay was used to evaluate the effects of HPLC fractions on pa...

Distribution of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillida) in Indonesia is currently insufficiently reported and underestimated compared to marine sponges. An inventory study on East Java after Indonesian independence 1945 yet be carried out. For this reason, we new records two species, Eunapius carteri (Bowerbank, 1863) Oncosclera asiatica (Manconi Ruengsawang, 2012) Porong river, Java, Indone...

The sex-inducing pheromone of the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri is a glycoprotein that triggers development of males and females at a concentration <10(-16) M. By differential screening of a cDNA library, two novel genes were identified that are transcribed under the control of this pheromone. Unexpectedly, one gene product was characterized as a lysozyme/chitinase, and the other gene...

We report new body mass estimates for the North American Eocene primate Omomys carteri. These estimates are based on postcranial measurements and a variety of analytical methods, including bivariate regression, multiple regression, and principal components analysis (PCA). All body mass estimation equations show high coefficients of determination (R2), and some equations exhibit low prediction e...

Despite a great deal of interest, the evolutionary origins and roles of sex remain unclear. Recently, we showed that in the multicellular green alga, Volvox carteri, sex is a response to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be indicative of the ancestral role of sex as an adaptive response to stress-induced ROS. To provide additional support for the suggestion that sex...