A superposition/convolution GPU-accelerated dose computation algorithm (the Calculator) has been recently incorporated into commercial software. The algorithm requires validation prior to clinical use. Three photon energies were examined: conventional 6 MV and 15 MV, and 10 MV flattening filter free (10 MVFFF). For a set of IMRT and VMAT plans based on four of the five AAPM Practice Guideline 5...

purpose: to compare the morphology and function of corneal enthothelial cell in early postoperative period after phacoemulsification with infusion or bolus intracameral adrenaline. methods: in this prospective randomized study, 71 eyes of 71 patients scheduled for phacoemulsification were randomly assigned to two groups: one group (31 eyes) received bolus intraocular adrenaline at 1/10,000 conc...

    Introduction: In the last few decades, a lot of monte carlo codes have been introduced for medical applications. For close - to - surface tumors, the surface of the skin can be used to increase the surface dose so that all or part of the bunch area can fall into bolus, thereby increasing the dose of the skin. The air gaps between bolus and skin can affect the dose of...

The accessibility of datasets from the Internet coupled with mathematically enabled software and technologies such as graphing calculators which include data analysis capabilities, place in the hands of students and teachers tools that have the potential to create a rich learning environment for the study of statistics. Further, the advent of graphing calculator peripherals such as Texas Instru...

A cosmology calculator that computes times and distances as a function of redshift for user-defined cosmological parameters is available at http://www.astro.ucla.edu/∼wright/CosmoCalc.html. This note gives the formulae used by the cosmology calculator and discusses some of its implementation. A version of the calculator that allows one to specify the equation of state parameter w and w is at AC...

To facilitate the adoption of low-carbon farming practices in Europe, the European Commission developed a carbon calculator that assesses greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and recommends mitigation actions suitable for each farm. The Carbon Calculator, which quantifies GHG emissions based on international standards for life cycle assessment and carbon footprinting, delivers carbon footprint result...

Estimating costs in child welfare services is critical as new service models are incorporated into routine practice. This paper describes a unit costing estimation system developed in England (cost calculator) together with a pilot test of its utility in the United States where unit costs are routinely available for health services but not for child welfare services. The cost calculator approac...

Large-scale genome-wide association results are typically obtained from a fixed-effects meta-analysis of GWAS summary statistics from multiple studies spanning different regions and/or time periods. This approach averages the estimated effects of genetic variants across studies. In case genetic effects are heterogeneous across studies, the statistical power of a GWAS and the predictive accuracy...