The African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus has bimodal respiration, it has a suprabranchial air-breathing organ alongside substantial gills. We used automated bimodal respirometry to reveal that undisturbed juvenile catfish (N=29) breathed air continuously in normoxia, with a marked diurnal cycle. Air breathing and routine metabolic rate (RMR) increased in darkness when, in the wild, thi...

Animal personality research is receiving increasing interest from related fields, such as evolutionary personality psychology. By merging the conceptual understanding of personality, the contributions to both fields of research may be enhanced. In this study, we investigate animal personality based on the definition of personality traits as underlying dispositional factors, which are not direct...

Animal personality research is receiving increasing interest from related fields, such as evolutionary personality psychology. By merging the conceptual understanding of personality, the contributions to both fields of research may be enhanced. In this study, we investigate animal personality based on the definition of personality traits as underlying dispositional factors, which are not direct...

Abstract Environmental variation plays a key role in the evolution and maintenance of animal personality. Individuals with different personality types might exhibit habitat preferences. Alternatively, individual behaviour across space could arise as plastic adaptation to distinct habitats. Our study aims investigate if choice is influenced by an individual’s We assessed levels activity, boldnes...

Psychopathic personality traits are positively associated with externalising behaviours, and negatively internalising behaviours. However, the contribution of different facets psychopathy (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) in explaining behaviours across genders inconsistent. In this study, we explored gender differences assessment of, relationships between, psychopathic traits, trait anxiety,...

One claim reiterated with increasing boldness by the “analytic” tradition in philosophy is that what sets it apart from long-time rivals is a shared adherence to proper norms of argumentation. Gradated deviancy from this (supposedly univocal) canon by English-speaking practitioners has therefore raised important questions about who can repair under the banner “professional philosopher.” We will...

Despite growing attention to the ecological and evolutionary importance of consistent individual differences in behaviour (animal personality), long-term field studies quantifying factors associated with behavioural repeatability remain rare. Here, we studied animal personalities over an 8-year period, representing 6 study years, a wild population long-lived sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. Using...

Past human persecution of wildlife has acted as a major selection agent shaping many animal features including behaviour. A component behaviour with diverse consequences for conservation is the shyness/boldness continuum. Shyer individuals are often geographically restricted, less prone to wander out their ecological refuges but, on contrary, likely experience human-induced mortality and lead h...