Objective Although research on muscle dysmorphia (MD), a body dysmorphic disorder subtype, has recently increased, the causes and mechanisms underlying this disorder remain unclear. Results from studies examining disorders associated with body image suggest the involvement of self-schema in biasing attention toward specific body information. The present study examined whether individuals at hig...

Background & AimsThe caloric restrictions are necessary during the bodybuilder athlete preparation, especially when approaching pre-contest phase. Although refeed strategies for bodybuilders current recent in scientific literature, drastically reducing calories pre-competition phase linearly without periodization may does not guarantee a greater reduction body fat and still being able harm athl...