We compared kidney tissue samples and cloacal and nasopharyngeal swab samples from field-collected dead crows and blue jays for West Nile virus surveillance. Compared to tissue samples, 35% more swab samples were false negative. Swab samples were usually positive only when the corresponding tissue sample was strongly positive.

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) plays a critical role in the metabolism of many drugs. CYP3A4 exhibits extraordinary substrate promiscuity and unusual allosteric kinetics. In addition, many CYPs catalyze sequential oxidations on a single substrate, but in most cases, mechanistic details of these processes are not well-established. As a result, in vivo clearance of many drugs and their metabolites ...

We model recent experimental wavelength dependent Three Pulse Photon Echo Peak Shift ͑WD-3PEPS͒ and Transient Grating ͑WD-TG͒ signals considering both solvation dynamics and vibrational contributions. We present numerical simulations of WD-3PEPS and WD-TG signals of two probe molecules: Nile Blue and

This is the first in a two-paper series that investigates the influence of intramolecular vibrational modes on nonlinear, time-domain, electronically resonant signals. Both Transient Grating ͑TG͒ and Three Pulse Photon Echo Peak Shift ͑3PEPS͒ signals were collected from several probe molecules: Nile Blue,

The humanitarian situation in South Sudan is dire, with over two million returnees since 2005 and another 300,000 expected to return by the end of 2013. In 2012, 170,000 refugees settled in five camps in Unity and Upper Nile states, endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) (Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Sudan Humanitarian Update 1st Quarter 2012). VL in South Sudan is ...

Pigments from paint palettes and a grindstone excavated the pharaonic town of Amara West (c. 1300–1050 BCE), which lies between Second Third Cataracts Nile, were examined using polarized light microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Most pigments consistent ty...

Having clear picture on food security status and its major determinants helps policy makers planners to introduce new policies that enhance security. The study was aimed evaluate the impact of policies, strategies institution poverty vegetables farmers in Gezira State with reference Blue Nile farmers. To achieve these objectives stratified random sampling technique used select respondents from ...

The susceptibility of 12 strains of Mobiluncus curtisii and 10 strains of M. mulieris to 23 antimicrobial agents and 15 other compounds was determined. All strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, rifampin, tobramycin, vancomycin, virginiamycin, and all beta-lactam antibiotics tested, including imipenem. One strain of M. mulieris was resistant to erythromycin and josamycin. All...