Blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) is used extensively for characterization of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and uses the binding of Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 to visualize proteins. Oxidative modification of sulfhydryl groups of such proteins can be evaluated by labeling with iodoacetamide conjugated to biotin (BIAM) and detected with streptavidin peroxidase on Western blots f...

A wide variety of spectroscopic methods are now available that provide complimentary insights into the electronic structures of transition-metal complexes. Combined with calculations, these define key bonding interactions, enable the evaluation of reaction coordinates, and determine the origins of unique spectroscopic features/electronic structures that can activate metal centers for catalysis....

Electron transfers in photosynthesis and respiration commonly occur between metal-containing cofactors that are separated by large molecular distances. Employing laser flash-quench triggering methods, we have shown that 20-Å, coupling-limited Fe(II) to Ru(III) and Cu(I) to Ru(III) electron tunneling in Ru-modified cytochromes and blue copper proteins can occur on the microsecond timescale both ...

Laccase is a kind of polyphenol oxidase having potential in applications for pulp bleaching, waste water treatment in mills, and removal of phenols in the food industry. The normal laccase from fungus or bacterial contains four copper atoms per protein molecular, imparting a blue color. Here it is reported that a white laccase is produced by a white rot fungus Panus conchatus from its solid-sta...

Blue copper proteins (Type I) exhibit unusual spectral and chemical properties such as higher reduction potentials and small hyperfine coupling constants A|| in the EPR spectrum in comparison with other copper(II) complexes. Such unusual properties are justified partly by the tetralhedral geometry around the copper(II) site and partly by the CuN2S2 chromophores in which the soft S atoms coordin...

Quantitative light absorption data of the neutral free flavosemiquinone are reported. It is shown that the visible range of the spectrum of the radical is drastically dependent on the solvent. The spectra of the neutral blue flavosemiquinone are compared with those of the blue flavoprotein radicals and conclusions are drawn concerning the environment of the protein-bound flavosemiquinone. The s...

The synthesis of different tetrahydroisoquinolines using choline chloride : ethylene glycol as a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and copper(II) oxide impregnated on magnetite as a catalyst has been accomplished successfully. The copper catalyst amount is the lowest loading ever reported. The presence of DES showed to be essential since the reaction in the absence of this medium did not proceed. A d...

'Wilson's disease, a rare heritable disorder of copper metabolism, has been the subject of considerable investigation in recent years, and a number of interesting clinical and biochemical facts (1-4) have become known. However, the exact -pathogenesis and perhaps even the fundamental metabolic defect involved remain to be elucidated. The inheritance pattern is that of a rare recessive autosomal...