Trypanosoma brucei is an extracellular protozoan parasite that cycles between mammalian hosts and the tsetse vector. In bloodstream-form trypanosomes, only one variant surface glycoprotein gene (VSG) expression site (ES) is active at any time. Transcriptional switching between ESs results in antigenic variation. No VSG is transcribed in the insect procyclic stage. We have used bacteriophage T7 ...

OBJECTIVE Determine the impact of three stepwise interventions on the rate of central catheter-associated bloodstream infections. DESIGN Quasi-experimental study. SETTING Three surgical intensive care units (general surgery, trauma, and neurosurgery) at a 1500-bed county teaching hospital in the Miami metro area. PATIENTS All consecutive central catheter-associated bloodstream infection c...

Background: Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite and etiological agent of human animal African trypanosomiasis. It has complex life cycle, but the most studied cellular types are in vitro cultivated bloodstream- procyclic-forms. These correspond to replicating, mammalian host bloodstream...

In this paper, we explain the effect of temperature on distribution drugs between stomach and bloodstream compartments human body. The study demonstrates that behavior drug is linked with high or low surrounding temperatures in (the bloodstream) under study. study, converted real-world problems into mathematical equations then solved resulting remodeled system models found previous research by ...

In a surgical intensive care unit, the 1996-1997 incidence of central catheter-associated bloodstream infections exceeded that of hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Interventions were implemented, and a cost-benefit analysis was done that led to hiring a vascular catheter care nurse. Subsequent outcome data demonstrated a substantial reduction in ...

The neonatal population is at a particularly high risk for catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CABSI). Chlorhexidine for skin antisepsis is well documented to effectively decrease the incidence of bloodstream infections associated with central venous catheters in other populations. The project described in this article demonstrates that chlorhexidine for central venous catheter insertio...

Considerable research has been conducted and published regarding the efficacy of ARROWg + ard, chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine in suppressing microbial colonization, and their effect on reducing hospital costs. A catheterrelated bloodstream infection can prolong hospitalization and substantially add to the cost of hospitalization. In addition, numerous studies have investigated the incide...

Corynebacterium species are well-known causes of catheter-related bloodstream infections. Toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause respiratory diphtheria. We report a bloodstream infection caused by a nontoxigenic strain of C. diphtheriae and discuss the epidemiology, possible sources of the infection, and the implications of rapid species identification of corynebacteria.

We report the first known case of a device-related bloodstream infection involving Staphylococcus lugdunensis small-colony variants. Recurrent pacemaker-related bloodstream infection within a period of 10 months illustrates the poor clinical and microbiologic response even to prolonged antimicrobial drug therapy in a patient infected with this staphylococcal subpopulation.

We determined the antibiotic susceptibilities of 1,785 enterococcal bloodstream isolates collected over 25 years. Antibiotic resistance emerged at a greater rate in Enterococcus faecium than in other enterococcal species, and E. faecium isolates became proportionally more common over time. Our findings confirm the pattern of emerging antibiotic resistance among enterococci and highlight the inc...