Leaching losses of nitrogen (N) from soil and atmospheric N deposition have led to widespread changes in plant community and microbial community composition, but our knowledge of the factors that determine ecosystem N retention is limited. A common feature of extensively managed, species-rich grasslands is that they have fungal-dominated microbial communities, which might reduce soil N losses a...

N-Alkenyl carboxamides undergo gold-catalyzed intramolecular exo-hydroamination to form nitrogen heterocycles in excellent yield.

Design, synthesis and characterization of four novel series of Zafirlukast analogs are described. The modifications are substitution on indole nitrogen, C-5 position of indole moiety and amide nitrogen of zafirlukast.

The relative abundance of nitrate (N) over phosphorus (P) has increased over the period since 1980 in the marginal seas bordering the northwestern Pacific Ocean, located downstream of the populated and industrialized Asian continent. The increase in N availability within the study area was mainly driven by increasing N concentrations and was most likely due to deposition of pollutant nitrogen f...

We used airborne imaging spectroscopy and photon transport modeling to determine how biological invasion altered the chemistry of forest canopies across a Hawaiian montane rain forest landscape. The nitrogen-fixing tree Myrica faya doubled canopy nitrogen concentrations and water content as it replaced native forest, whereas the understory herb Hedychium gardnerianum reduced nitrogen concentrat...

Current far-field optical nanoscopy schemes overcome the diffraction barrier by ensuring that adjacent features assume different states upon detection. Ideally, the transition between these states can be repeated endlessly and, if performed optically, with low levels of light. Here we report such optical switching, realized by pairing the luminescent triplet and a long-lived dark state of diamo...

Oxic-settling-anaerobic process (OSA) was known as a cost-effective way to reduce the excess sludge production with simple upgrade of conventional activated sludge process (CAS). A low oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) level was the key factor to sludge decay and lysis in the sludge holding tank of the OSA process. However, the ORP control with nitrogen purge or chemical dosing in the OSA pro...