Reflex blinks provide a model system for investigating motor learning in normal and pathological states. We investigated whether high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the supraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve before the R2 blink component (HFS-B) decreases reflex blink gain in alert rats. As with humans (Mao JB, Evinger C. J Neurosci 21: RC151, 2001), HFS-B significantly reduced blink size ...

This paper is used for an application that it’s capable of swapping mouse with human face for interaction with PC. In paper there is one web cam. It’s an external device, which detect the human face or we can say that tracking and detecting the facial expressions of human being. This is our theory paper and in this we explained – in what way we detect our facial expression. Facial features (eye...

BACKGROUND Most people show a remarkable deficit to report the second of two targets when presented in close temporal succession, reflecting an attentional restriction known as the 'attentional blink' (AB). However, there are large individual differences in the magnitude of the effect, with some people showing no such attentional restrictions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we present be...

Unilateral reduction in eyelid motility produced two modes of blink adaptation in humans. The first adaptive modification affected both eyelids. Stimulation of the supraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (SO) ipsilateral to the upper eyelid with reduced motility evoked bilateral, hyperexcitable reflex blinks, whereas contralateral SO stimulation elicited normally excitable blinks bilaterall...

A Novel Method of Improving EEG Signals for BCI Classification C. Burger Thesis: MScEng (Mech) December 2014 Muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injury, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are injuries and disorders that disrupts the neuromuscular channels of the human body thus prohibiting the brain from controlling the body. Brain computer interface (BCI) allows individuals to bypass the neuro...

37 Reflex blinks provide a model system for investigating motor learning in normal and 38 pathological states. We investigated whether high frequency stimulation of the supraor39 bital branch of the trigeminal nerve before the R2 blink component (HFS-B) decreases 40 reflex blink gain in alert rats. As with humans (Mao and Evinger 2001), HFS-B signifi41 cantly reduced blink size in the first hou...

We examined eyelid movements during spontaneous, voluntary, and trigeminal reflex blinks in 16 patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease (PD) off medication and 14 controls. Voluntary and reflex blink amplitudes tended to be smaller than normal for PD patients, whereas eyelid kinematics (amplitude-maximum velocity relationship) for all three blink types were normal. Spontaneous blink r...

BACKGROUND The reduced ability to identify a second target when it is presented in close temporal succession of a first target is called the attentional blink (AB). Studies have shown large individual differences in AB task performance, where lower task performance has been associated with more reversed order reports of both targets if these were presented in direct succession. In order to stud...

This study examined the effect of level of attention engagement on the modification of the blink reflex in young infants. Infants at 8, 14, 20, or 26 weeks of age were presented with interesting visual or auditory stimuli. At delays defined by changes in heart rate known to be associated with sustained attention or attention disengagement, blink reflexes were elicited by visual or auditory blin...

Background & Objective:  The blink reflex recovery cycle indicates the excitability of interneurons in the brainstem. In this study, we aimed to investigate the blink reflex and R2 recovery cycle in patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB).  Materials & Methods:  This prospective case-control study compared the blink reflex and R2 recovery in 18 BEB patients with 18 age- and gender-m...