Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of keratitis. The current study was done to evaluate the therapeutic effects of antibacterial combinations with Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and Ciprofloxacin in experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. Sixty four New Zealand rabbits were prepared. All rabbits were randomly categorized into eight groups (each group containing eight rabbits): C...

OBJECTIVE To measure the effects of a prepulse stimulus on the blink reflex responses elicited by an electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve in patients with blepharospasm with and without an effective sensory trick. DESIGN Blink reflexes to supraorbital nerve stimulation were preceded in test trials by a prepulse electrical stimulus to the third finger at various leading intervals. ...

BACKGROUND Few studies have addressed whether abnormalities in the lenticular nucleus (LN) are characteristic transcranial sonography (TCS) echo features in patients with primary dystonia. This study aimed to explore alterations in the basal ganglia in different forms of primary focal dystonia. METHODS cross-sectional observational study was performed between December 2013 and December 2014 i...

Previous studies showed cortical dysfunction and impaired sensorimotor integration in primary generalized and focal hand dystonia. We used a whistling task and silent event-related fMRI to investigate functional changes in patients with blepharospasm and patients with a combination of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia (Meige's syndrome). Whistling served as a model for a skilful orofacia...

PURPOSE To analyze the influence of botulinum toxin on the lacrimal function of patients with facial dystonias. METHODS Patients with the diagnosis of hemifacial spasm or benign essential blepharospasm were evaluated and invited to answer the Ocular Surface Index Disease (OSID) questionnaire. All patients underwent Schirmer I and basal tests; break-up time (BUT) test and lacrimal clearance ev...

A patient with Brueghel's syndrome is described, who died following a seven year history of oromandibular dystonia with blepharospasm. Postmortem examination of the central nervous system revealed no abnormalities.

PURPOSE To compare the efficacies and safeties of Meditoxin (Medy-Tox, Korea) and Botox in the treatment of essential blepharospasm. METHODS We performed a double-blind, randomized, comparative trial comparing Meditoxin and Botox for treatment of blepharospasm in 60 patients from the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and 52 patients from the per-protocol (PP) population. We analyzed the imp...

PURPOSE Botulinum toxin injection is the treatment of choice in cases of benign essential blepharospasm. However, about 10% of the patients do not get sufficient effect from this treatment, and many of them have concomitant apraxia of lid opening. METHODS Over a 3-year period we treated 12 patients. Three had pure apraxia of lid opening and in the other nine it was associated with blepharospa...