We develop a model demonstrating conditions under which firms will invest in the general training of their workers, and show that firms’ incentives to invest in general training are increasing in task complexity. Workers’ heterogeneous observable innate ability affects the variety of tasks that can be performed within a firm. This gives monopsony power to firms with ‘better’ workforces. As a re...

Cooperation is crucial to our survival and social success. People typically choose their social partners (e.g., friends, allies, mates), which allows us to avoid bad partners and preferentially interact with better ones. This creates a biological market where people prefer to associate with others who are willing and able to confer benefits upon partners. In such a market, it pays to compete to...

a four- year-old moghanian breed ewe was admitted to the large animal veterinary clinic, university of tabriz due to dystocia. during obstetrical examination, it was revealed that the cervix has been closed firmly and vagina protruded about 5 cm through the vulva (vaginal prolaps). based on clinical findings and for saving the dam and lamb(s), the cesarean section was done. a normal alive femal...

We explore the potential for discriminating between honest and dishonest agents, when a principal faces an agent with private information about the circumstances of the exchange (good or bad). When honest agents reveal circumstances truthfully independently of the contract offered, the principal leaves a rent only to dishonest agents (even if honest agents are willing to lie about their ethics)...

The k-means++ seeding algorithm is one of the most popular algorithms that is used for finding the initial k centers when using the k-means heuristic. The algorithm is a simple sampling procedure and can be described as follows: Pick the first center randomly from among the given points. For i > 1, pick a point to be the i center with probability proportional to the square of the Euclidean dist...

OBJECTIVE Bad news disclosure is one of the most complex tasks of physicians. Recent evidences indicate that patients' and physicians' attitude toward breaking bad news has been changed since few years ago. The evidence of breaking bad news is different across cultures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the attitude of medical staff toward breaking bad news to provide a clinical guideline in...

In about 1972 R. L. Griess and Fischer independently suggested the existence of a new sporadic simple group, which had a double cover of the “baby monster” discovered by Fischer as the centralizer of an involution. Calculations suggested that its smallest non-trivial complex representation probably had dimension 196883. “Moonshine” is the attempt to explain John McKay’s extraordinary observatio...

Frankenstein is a long Gothic novel written by British writer Mary Shelley in 1818. This work tells series of tragic stories about Frankenstein, biologist who passionate the origin life, pieced together various parts different corpses into huge monster, and which he abandoned monster made enemies with him. considered to be world’s first real science fiction strong romanticism. From monster-cent...