Analyses of samples of the raw materials locally available for use in the Eaton (Hopewell) Furnace indicate that the iron ore and bituminous coal were of good smelting quality while the limestone (flux) was not. The limestone had a much higher then desirable silica content and a low calcium content. The limestone was insufficient to the task of removing impurities introduced through the fuel co...

Investigations into the cause and control of the production of sulfuric acid in effluents of coal mines, and the effects of such effluents upon streams were begun in 1946.1 Working and abandoned mines of Western Pennsylvania alone contribute an estimated million tons of sulfuric acid per year to the drainage area of the Ohio River. A field survey of mine drainage and receiving streams was inaug...

UNLABELLED Two acid mine drainage (AMD) sites in the Appalachian bituminous coal basin were selected to enrich for Fe(II)-oxidizing microbes and measure rates of low-pH Fe(II) oxidation in chemostatic bioreactors. Microbial communities were enriched for 74 to 128 days in fed-batch mode, then switched to flowthrough mode (additional 52 to 138 d) to measure rates of Fe(II) oxidation as a function...

Understanding and modeling of coal and biomass pyrolysis assume particular importance being the first step occurring in both gasification and combustion processes. The complex chemical reaction network occurring in this step leads to a necessary effort in developing a suitable model framework capable of grasping the physics of the phenomenon and allowing a deeper comprehension of the sequence o...

This paper evaluates the amount of noise reduction when using different pavement materials in two adjacent lanes, where close-proximity (CPX) method is introduced to analyze tire/road before and after maintenance. We consider four types materials, including ECA-10, PUC-10, PAC-13, double-layer porous asphalt (PAC-13+PUC-10), these their combinations are paved on lanes. measure with CPX a two-wh...

In a previous paper presented at the 2008 E&E Congress, the French mirror group (BNPé/P04/GE1) of the CEN/TC336 – WG1 committee (bituminous binder) has reported the results of a round robin test on DSR complex modulus measurements involving two paving grade bitumen (10/20 and 50/70 classes) and three modified binders (plastomer, elastomer and cross-linked elastomer). This paper presents the out...

Sewage sludge is composed of organic and inorganic materials. The organic portion of the sludge is predominantly composed of C, H, ti, and S. On a dry-basis, the heating value of sludge is greater than that of oil shale or tar sand. The volatile matter content of dry sludge can be higher than that of the high volatile bituminous coal. Available correlations in the literature, developed for coal...