aim &background;: muslims fast from sunrise to sunset during ramadan, the 9th lunar month. the duration of fasting varies from 13 to 18 hrs per day. fasting individuals abstain from drinking liquids and eating foods. manypregnant women and gynecologists are concerned about the possible complicationsassociated with fasting and effects on fetal health. the aim of this study was to determine the e...

background: increased requirement and decreased dietary intakes of micronutrients during pregnancy might affect maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. this study was aimed to examine the effects of two types of multiple micronutrient supplementations on pregnancy outcomes in kashan, iran. methods: in a randomized single‑blind controlled clinical trial, 104 primigravid singleton pregnant women ...

The general objective was to investigate how maternal childhood and adulthood social class contribute to social inequalities in low birth weight, neonatal mortality and postneonatal mortality, particularly the combined influence of childhood and adult class and a comparison of influence on outcomes with regard to time distance from birth. Analyses were performed on a large sample of Swedish bir...

PURPOSE To analyze the effect of birth weight on ocular morphology, refraction and visual function in early adolescents aged 12-15 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis using the public use files from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the period from 1999 to 2008. Study participants aged 12 to 15 years were included with data on birth weight ...

vspace{0.2cm}In this paper, we design a data structure for the following problem. Let $pi$ be an $x$-monotone trajectory with $n$ vertices in the plane and $epsilon >0$. We show how to preprocess $pi$ and $epsilon$ into a data structure such that for any horizontal query segment $Q$ in the plane, one can quickly determine the minimal continuous fraction of $pi$ whose Fr{'e}chet and Hausdo...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that children born to mothers living near the sea are at increased risk of limb reduction defects. DESIGN Descriptive data analysis. SETTING The northern health region of England. PATIENTS All children born between 1 January 1985 and 31 December 1992 in the northern region of England with isolated limb reduction defects. MAIN RESULTS The birth prev...

BACKGROUND The United Kingdom (UK) government has been recording the births, deaths, and movements of cattle for the last decade. Despite reservations about the accuracy of these data, they represent a large and valuable body of information about the demographics of the UK cattle herd and its contact structure. In this article, a range of demographic data about UK cattle, and particularly their...

PURPOSE Anogenital distance is a marker for endocrine disruption in animal studies in which decreased distance has been associated with testicular dysfunction. In this study we investigated whether anogenital distance was associated with reproductive hormone levels in adult men. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 116 men (mean age 36.1 ± 8.0 years) were evaluated at an andrology clinic in Houst...

BACKGROUND During the last decade, a rapid increase of birth locations for low-risk births, other than conventional obstetric units, has been seen in the Netherlands. Internationally some of such locations are called birth centres. The varying international definitions for birth centres are not directly applicable for use within the Dutch obstetric system. A standard definition for a birth cent...