At the early postnatal period, cerebellar granule cells proliferate, differentiate, migrate, and finally form refined synaptic connections with mossy fibers. During this period, the resting membrane potential of immature granule cells is relatively depolarized, but it becomes hyperpolarized in mature cells. This investigation was conducted to examine the role of this alteration in membrane pote...

Myocardial ischemia-induced arrhythmia, especially ventricular arrhythmia, is the main reason for sudden cardiac death. Therefore, ischemic ventricular arrhythmia-targeted treatments are urgently needed. The mechanism of Tiaogan Qingxin Granule in premature ventricular beat (PVB) treatment was explored in arrhythmic rats pretreated with Tiaogan Qingxin Granule. Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 40) were...

Objective: The hippocampal formation, particularly the dentate gyrus (DG), shows age-related morphological changes that could cause memory decline. It is indicated that Boswellia resins attenuates memory deficits and the major component of Boswellia serrata (Bs) gum resin, beta boswellic acid increased neurite outgrowth and branching in hippocampal neurons. This study was designed to investigat...

High concentrations of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors are present in the external granule cell layer of the rat cerebellum during postnatal development. In vitro studies have shown that PACAP promotes cell survival and neurite outgrowth on immature cerebellar granule cells in primary culture. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of PACAP on...

Several reports indicate that hypoglycemic sulfonylureas augment Ca(2+)-dependent insulin secretion via mechanisms other than inhibition of the ATP-sensitive K(+) channel. The effect involves a 65-kd protein in the granule membrane and culminates in intragranular acidification. Lowering of granule pH is necessary for the insulin granule to gain release competence. Proton pumping into the granul...

A fundamental property of neuronal networks in Ammon's horn is that each area comprises a single glutamatergic cell population and various types of GABAergic neurons. Here we describe an exception to this rule, in the form of granule cells that reside within the CA3 area and function as glutamatergic nonprincipal cells with distinct properties. CA3 granule cells in normal, healthy rats, similar...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) plays a significant role in neuronal survival, including odorant-induced, activity-dependent survival of olfactory sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium. Here, we examined the role of MAPK for the survival of neurons in the olfactory bulb. To study odorant-induced activation of MAPK in th...

A 50-year-old man with a 6-month history of arthralgias, recurrent pericardial and pleural effusions presented to the nephrology clinic with uncontrolled hypertension and elevated creatinine. No proteinuria or hematuria was noted. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed a hypodense tissue encasing both kidneys (Figure 1A). Tissue biopsy revealed a fibroproliferative process, dense f...

the aim of this paper is to develop a rapid, and highly sensitive quantitative hplc fingerprint method with multiple indicators by using the compound chinese medicine wuwei changyanning granule and 5 herbs in the prescription. the quantitative fingerprint chromatogram with multiple indicators was investigated. ⅰ)6 compositions included rutin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, atractylenolideⅰ, pac...

Neurogenesis is a constitutive activity in the adult dentate gyrus whereby new cells are created in the subgranular zone, before becoming neurons in the dentate gyrus granule cell layer. New granule cells are thought to migrate from the subgranular zone outwards to the edge of the cell layer as they mature. In these experiments we examined the dendritic morphology of granule cells in the subgra...