The priority in the investigation of the dehydration self-organization phenomenon in biological fluids belongs to Prof. E. G. Rapis. While seeming simple, the effect turned out to be extremely complicated and to involve a number of interrelated processes of different nature. The biological fluids are complex colloidal systems. Even the slightest variation in the composition of a liquid leads to...

Renal failure is characterized by the progressive decline in the capacity of the kidneys to eliminate toxic solutes. In parallel, the “uremic syndrome” is depicted by a functional disturbance of enzymes, organelles, cells, and organs. This leads to an overall malaise that ultimately ends in coma and death unless artificial kidney treatment (dialysis) is started (1). The current conception of di...

The membrane of biological cells consists of tightly packed lipid molecules with hydrophilic heads facing the exterior and interior fluids and hydrophobic tails hiding in the middle, forming a bilayer structure. Most cell membranes (and other biological membranes) can deform but resist area dilation and are often modelled as incompressible fluid interfaces [12]. The aqueous solution outside the...

An automatic system was developed to determine ofloxacin in biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations. Drug detection was carried out by a potentiometric membrane sensor based on [bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate as molecular-recognition material. The tubular shaped detector system was solidly attached to the manifold, creating a high-throughput stable setup (50 samples per hour) appro...

Sizing nanomaterials in complex biological fluids, such as blood, remains a great challenge in spite of its importance for a wide range of biomedical applications. In drug delivery, for instance, it is essential that aggregation of protein-based drugs is avoided as it may alter their efficacy or elicit immune responses. Similarly it is of interest to determine which size of molecules can pass t...

Homocysteine is an amino acid, which plays several important roles in human physiology. A wide range of disorders, including neuropsychiatric disorders and autism, are associated with increased homocysteine levels in biological fluids. Various B vitamins: B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin), and B9 (folic acid) are required as co-factors by the enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism. Therefor...