Aerobic and anaerobic respiration of microorganisms involves redox reactions that provide energy for cell growth or maintenance. The energy comes from breaking up chemical bonds during the oxidation of organic carbons by the microorganisms. The electrons released from the oxidation are taken up by the reduction of an oxidant such oxygen, sulfate, nitrate, etc. If the oxidation and reduction rea...

BACKGROUND Bio-cathode denitrifying microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising bio-electrochemical system (BES) where both the reactions of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction are catalyzed by microorganisms. In this nitrogen removal process, a complete biological denitrification from nitrate (NO3 (-)) to molecular nitrogen (N2) was achieved by four reduction steps, forming nitrite (NO2 (-)),...

the aim of the present study was to assess the bio-trickling filter startup for the treatment ofwastewater produced by pegah dairy company at psychrophilic condition. the startup time of a bio-tricklingfilter is directly proportional to the concentration of microbial population. abio-trickling column with a height of150 cm was packed with lava rocks with the liquid recirculated through the pack...

The graphene which is a two dimensional carbon structure has been significantly explored due to its excellent mechanical and physical properties. Based on its prominent properties, graphene has a wide range of useful applications. Among the methods for synthesizing graphene, chemical method is known as the most powerful method for mass production of graphene. During the process, to achieve high...

Most current gene detection systems are Bio-informatics based methods. Despite the number of Bio-informatics based gene detection algorithms applied to CEGMA (Core Eukaryotic Genes Mapping Approach) dataset, none of them have introduced a pre-model to increase the accuracy and time reduction in the different CEGMA datasets. This method enables us to significantly reduce the time consumption for...

The massive consumption of fossil fuels and associated environmental issues are leading to an increased interest in alternative resources such as biofuels. The renewable biofuels can be upgraded from bio-oils that are derived from biomass pyrolysis. Catalytic cracking and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) are two of the most promising bio-oil upgrading processes for biofuel production. Heterogeneous cat...