Active transport of conjugated bile salts, Na-tauro- and Na-glycocholate and D-galactose, was examined in the small intestine of streptozotocin-diabetic rats by an in-vitro technique. Tissue uptake and mucosal to serosal transport of conjugated bile salts and D-galactose was enhanced in diabetic rat ileum. The minimal transport capacity for conjugated bile salts in the jejunum did not differ be...

Cholestasis may be defined as stagnation of bile within the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary tree. Biochemically, there is retention of conjugated bilirubin, bile salts, and alkaline phosphatase; morphologically, there is at least dilatation of biliary canaliculi and loss of their microvilli, and later accumulation of bile pigment in the canaliculi (bile plugs)."0 The mechanism underlying t...

Human milk fat globules were used to explore how dietary triglycerides are hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase. These triglycerides were hydrolyzed very slowly by lipase alone as if the surface layer of proteins and phospholipids impeded the action of the enzyme. The inhibition of lipase activity could be overcome by addition either of colipase or of pancreatic phospholipase A2. Colipase enhanced t...

The apical Na(+)-dependent bile salt transporter (ASBT/SLC10A2) is essential for maintaining the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. It is not known when Slc10a2 evolved as a bile salt transporter or how it adapted to substantial changes in bile salt structure during evolution. We characterized ASBT orthologs from two primitive vertebrates, the lamprey that utilizes early 5α-bile alcohols ...

The focus of the present work was to investigate the interaction of the anticancer drug mitoxantrone with two bile salts, sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) and sodium taurocholate (NaTC). Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy were used to quantify the interaction and to obtain information on the location of mitoxantrone in bile salt micell...

The three lipids in bile, cholesterol, lecithin, and bile salts (about 90 percent of the dry weight of normal gallbladder bile) are amphipathic substances having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups. Knowledge of the physicochemical factors of gallstone formation (especially cholesterol stones) has increased in the past two decades. The absolute amount of cholesterol supersaturati...

A sensitive and specific HPLC method with internal standard was developed and validated to determine vitexin-2”-O-rhamnoside (VOR) in rat plasma after oral and intravenous administration. VOR presented a very low bioavailability, the P-glycoprotein inhibitors such as verapamil and ketoconazole and absorption promoting agent, i.e. bile salts were therefore respectively applied to investigate the...

Bile salts are essential for phospholipid secretion into the bile. To study the relevance of the structure of phospholipids for their interaction with bile salts, we used spin-labeled or fluorescent phospholipid analogues of different head groups and acyl chain length. Those analogues form micelles in aqueous suspension. Their solubilization by bile salts resulting in the formation of mixed mic...

We examined the effects of the depletion of bile salts and of the intravenous infusion of sodium taurocholate (STC) with or without bromosulphophthalein (BSP) in rats on the biliary secretion of lipids to clarify the regulatory mechanism(s). Each rat was equipped with a bile-duct cannula to collect bile. After the endogenous bile salt pool was depleted, STC was infused at a constant rate (160 n...

inabilities to attain adequate aqueous solubility and stability have made the preparation of a clinically suitable formulation of taxol difficult. addition of nicotinamide (nd), 2-hydroxypropyl- b-cyclodextrin (hpßcd), polyethylene glycol, (peg), bile salts (bs, 50:50 sodium cholate: deoxycholate), and cremophor el can improve the solubility of taxol. studies were undertaken to compare the stab...