in this paper, a bidirectional associative memory (bam) neural network, which consists of two neurons in the x-layer and three neurons in the y-layer, with two time delays will be studied. we conclude that under some assumptions, hopf bifurcation occurs when the sum of two delays passes through a critical value. a numerical example is presented to support our theoretical results.

By using a newly designed bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifier, we demonstrated a 2 = 2.5 Gbrs repeated bidirectional transmission over a 100-km single-mode fiber. Two tunable optical bandpass filters were used to suppress the Rayleigh backscattering and amplified spontaneous emission in the bidirectional transmission system. The bit error rate performances were measured for both directio...

Material models are essential to the production of photo-realistic images. Measured BRDFs provide accurate representation with complex visual appearance, but have larger storage cost. Analytical BRDFs such as CookTorrance provide a compact representation but fail to represent the effects we observe with measured appearance. Accurately fitting an analytical BRDF to measured data remains a challe...

In this paper we study bidirectional state space search with consistent heuristics, with a focus on obtaining sufficient conditions for node expansion, i.e., conditions characterizing nodes that must be expanded by any admissible bidirectional search algorithm. We provide such conditions for front-to-front and front-to-end bidirectional search. The sufficient conditions are used to prove that t...

One common pattern database compression technique is to merge adjacent database entries and store the minimum of merged entries to maintain heuristic admissibility. In this paper we propose a compression technique that preserves every entry, but reduces the number of bits used to store each entry, therefore limiting the values that can be represented. Even when this technique throws away low va...

A hybrid alternate current/direct current (AC/DC) microgrid consists of an AC subgrid and a DC subgrid, and the subgrids are connected through the interlink bidirectional AC/DC converter. In the stand-alone operation mode, it is desirable that the interlink bidirectional AC/DC converter manages proportional power sharing between the subgrids by transferring power from the under-loaded subgrid t...

We demonstrate a cost-effective bidirectional WDM self-healing ring network using wavelengthinterleaved bidirectional add/drop amplifier modules. The measured restoration time was less than 10 ms. Recently, bidirectional WDM self-healing ring (SHR) networks based on bidirectional transmission have been proposed [1]-[3]. In these networks, each node should be implemented by using a bidirectional...

Autoassociations of spatio-temporal sequences have been discussed by a number of authors. We propose a mechanism for storing and retrieving pairs of spatio-temporal sequences with the network architecture of the standard bidirectional associative memory (BAM), thereby achieving hetero-associations of spatio-temporal sequences.

Traditional bidirectional two-dimension (2D) principal component analysis ((2D)PCA-L2) is sensitive to outliers because its objective function is the least squares criterion based on L2-norm. This paper proposes a simple but effective L1-norm-based bidirectional 2D principal component analysis ((2D)PCA-L1), which jointly takes advantage of the merits of bidirectional 2D subspace learning and L1...