1. The common-base emitter current In hot-electron transistors, the emitter/base junction should allow the injection of electrons into the graphene base. The emitter current is the source of all the electrons injected into the graphene base and it consists of two components: one component is due to Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and the other component is due to thermionic emission (e.g. the curren...

This paper aims to improve qualitative understanding of electrostatic influences on apex field enhancement factors (AFEFs) for small field emitter arrays/clusters. Using the "floating sphere at emitter-plate potential" (FSEPP) model, it re-examines the electrostatics and mathematics of three simple systems of identical post-like emitters. For the isolated emitter, various approaches are noted. ...

Upconversion is the observation of high energy photon emission from low energy photon absorption. 1 Among the multiple upconversion mechanisms, one that has drawn recent interest is triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA). TTA holds significant advantages over its upconversion counterparts including its use of simple, tunable molecules and its ability to operate under low intensity, non-coherent lig...

One constraint of semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots), especially those with near-IR emission, is their low effective emitter ratio ( 1.5 mole percent), which limits their pH sensing performance. The other critical issue of existing Pdot-based pH sensors is their poor photostability. To address these issues, we developed a series of Pdots by dendronizing the squaraine-based pH responsive near-I...

In this paper we explore theory, design, and fabrication of photonic crystal (PhC) based selective thermal emitters. In particular, we focus on tailoring spectral and spatial properties by means of resonant enhancement in PhC’s. Firstly, we explore narrow-band resonant thermal emission in photonic crystals exhibiting strong spectral and directional selectivity. We demonstrate two interesting de...

By means of electron holography, the electric potential distributions around a cold-type FEG-emitter (field emission gun emitter) are visualized with a change in the applied voltages. In a biased FEG-emitter, the experimental method for obtaining an unperturbed reference wave is applied in order to carry out quantitative electron holographic analyses. Further, through comparing the experimental...

In this paper, experiences of the last 20 years with PERALS-technique are described. PERALS stands for photo electron-rejecting alpha liquid scintillation. This scintillation technique was developed by Jack McDowell in 1970s and is a powerful analyses many natural nuclides also beta nuclide 90Sr. The principle based on selective extraction radionuclide from water phase means complexing or ion p...

The spectral density of the metal-surface electromagnetic fields will be strongly modified in the presence of a closely-spaced quantum emitter. In this work, we propose a feasible way to probe the changes of the spectral density through the scattering of the waveguide photon incident on the quantum emitter. The variances of the lineshape in the transmission spectra indicate the coherent interac...

This report presents my work for Double Chooz at MIT during the 2009 Summer REU program, funded by Columbia University. Double Chooz is a reactor neutrino experiment that aims to measure the mixing parameter θ13. The experiment detects electron antineutrinos via inverse beta decay. Neutrons and light nuclei made in muon spallation are a major background to the experiment. The delayed neutron em...