George Wells Beadle [3] studied corn, fruit flies, and funguses in the US during the twentieth century. These studies helped Beadle earn the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [4]. Beadle shared the prize with Edward Tatum for their discovery that genes [5] help regulate chemical processes in and between cells. This finding, initially termed the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis, helped sc...

This paper presents estimates of infant and child mortality in the rural and urban areas of Iran for 1989. Data are from a one percent sample of the urban and rural population. The study makes use of data on the number of children born alive and children surviving, classified by age of the mother. Based on these data estimates of infant and child mortality for the urban and the rural areas...

This paper describes the first attempt by a general practice in Bournemouth, UK to apply continuous quality improvement (CQI) methodology to its own working practices. It has been written in the hope that some of the lessons learnt might be of value to other practices interested in exploring a similar approach. In his classic “bad apples” paper of 1989, Berwick advocated the potential value of ...

By now it has become a truism that machine translation is no more (and no less) than a powerful tool for human translators. It is acknowledged that MT will not replace qualified translators but that it is indispensable in the face of the enormous quantities of texts that need to be translated. Furthermore, it is understood that MT systems cannot, and are not intended to, translate literary text...