background: hematological effects and digestive and neuro-psychological signs and symptoms are some manifestations of lead toxicity. however, there are conflicting reports of their prevalence among lead exposed workers and their relationship with blood lead levels (bll). this case- control study assessed the relationship between bll and hematological indexes and digestive (abdominal colic, iron...

The hybrid AC-DC microgrid (HMG) architecture has the merits of both DC and AC coupled structures. Microgrids are subject to intermittence when the renewable sources are used. In the HMG, since power fluctuations occur on both subgrids due to varying load and unpredictable power generation from renewable sources, proper voltage and frequency regulation is the critical issue. This article propos...

With the large-scale commercialization and growing market share of electric vehicles (EVs), many studies have been dedicated to battery systems design development. Their focus has on higher energy efficiency, improved thermal performance optimized multi-material enclosure designs. The integration simulation-based optimization pack Battery Management System (BMS) is evolving expanded include nov...

Original scientific paper The fast and accurate estimation of state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion battery is one of the key technologies of battery management system. In view of this nonlinear dynamic system of lithium battery, through the test and analysis of lithium-ion battery hysteresis characteristics, the second-order RC hysteresis model is established, and the cubature Kalman filter alg...

The Energy Storage System (ESS) is an expensive component of an E-bike. The idea of Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), a combination between battery and Ultra-Capacitor (UC), can moderate the cost of E-bike ESS. In this paper, a cost function is developed to use for optimal sizing of a HESS. This cost function is consisted of the HESS (battery, UC and DC/DC converter) cost and the cost of bat...

‎ In this paper, the stand-alone photovoltaic system for cathodic protection of underground pipelines is presented. The proposed system offers continuous and automatic adjustment of the applied voltage so that the buried pipelines receive the exact current. A modified perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used to improve dynamic and steady state performa...

This paper presents a novel multi-port DC/DC converter which is suitable to be used as the interface of hybrid renewable energy systems. The converter contains three unidirectional power flow ports which two of them are input ports and are connected to two independent energy sources while the third one is the output port that feeds a standalone load. Furthermore, the proposed converter contains...

A linear programming (LP) routine was implemented to model optimal energy storage dispatch schedules for peak net load management and demand charge minimization in a grid-connected, combined photovoltaic-battery storage system (PV+ system). The LP leverages PV power output and load forecasts to minimize peak loads subject to elementary dynamical and electrical constraints of the PV+ system. Bat...

Lithium-based batteries are considered as the most advanced batteries technology, which can be designed for high energy or high power storage systems. However, the battery cells are never fully identical due to the fabrication process, surrounding environment factors and differences between the cells tend to grow if no measures are taken. In order to have a high performance battery system, the ...

This paper presents an overview of the control and management requirements of high power lithiumbased batteries for electric and hybrid electric vehicle systems. Lithium based battery technologies offer performance advantages over traditional battery technologies at the cost of increased monitoring and controls overhead. The additional complexity of the hybrid drive system increases the managem...