A flip-chip, batch transfer process for LIthographie, Galvanoformung and Abformung (LIGA) microstructures has been demonstrated by selective electroplating and bonding. Single layer LIGA microstructures with thickness of 200 m are fabricated on a dummy substrate first. They are then batch transferred to an IC substrate by means of bonding via electroplating. After the selective bonding process,...

This paper develops a new simulation model for crystal size distribution dynamics in industrial batch crystallization. The work is motivated by the necessity of accurate prediction models for online monitoring purposes. The proposed numerical scheme is able to handle growth, nucleation, and agglomeration kinetics by means of the population balance equation and the method of characteristics. The...

Virtual machine technology promises important benefits for grid computing and cluster batch job systems, including improved isolation, customizable workspaces, and support for checkpointing and migration. One way to gain these benefits is to “drill holes” in existing batch computing systems; however, we believe these new capabilities warrant a rethinking of the architectures of existing systems...

A batch adsorption equation was derived by integrating an irreversible rate equation obtained by neglecting the desorption term of the Langmuir adsorption-rate equation. The integrated equation was in reasonably good agreement with experiment and provided a means for determining from the data the parameters gQ and ku These constants, namely, the adsorptive capacity and the adsorption rate const...

The naive importance sampling estimator based on the samples from a single importance density can be extremely numerically unstable. We consider multiple distributions importance sampling estimators where samples from more than one probability distributions are combined to consistently estimate means with respect to given target distributions. These generalized importance sampling estimators pr...

Summingbird is an open-source domain-specific language implemented in Scala and designed to integrate online and batch MapReduce computations in a single framework. Summingbird programs are written using dataflow abstractions such as sources, sinks, and stores, and can run on different execution platforms: Hadoop for batch processing (via Scalding/Cascading) and Storm for online processing. Dif...

Reconstructed human skin equivalents are currently being investigated as in vitro models for the prediction of human skin toxicity and irritation responses. Three different industrial reconstructed skin models (EpiDerm, Episkin and SkinEthic) and one in-house equivalent were characterized and compared using light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and reduction of (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2...

batch sizing in different planning period is categorized as a classical problem in production planning, that so many exact & heuristic methods have been proposed to solve this problem, each of which considering various aspects of the original problem. the solution obtained from majority – e.g. mrp – is in this format that there may be some periods of idleness or each period should produ...

This paper considers the scheduling problem of parallel batch processing machines with non-identical job size and processing time. In this paper, a new mathematical model with ready time and batch size constraints is presented to formulate the problem mathematically, in which simultaneous reduction of the makespan and earliness-tardiness is the objective function. In recent years, the nature-in...