E-collaboration, through group support systems (GSS) and other forms of computer-mediated communication (CMC), is increasingly used in organizations. GSS and CMC technologies offer organizations new ways to communicate information and knowledge, to interact synchronously or asynchronously, and to generate ideas, make decisions and solve problems. Although a sizable body of literature has develo...

We show how binary decision diagrams (BDDs) can be used to solve and obtain postoptimality analysis for linear and nonlinear integer programming problems with binary or general integer variables. The constraint set corresponds to a unique reduced BDD that represents all feasible or near-optimal solutions, and in which optimal solutions correspond to certain shortest paths. The BDD can be querie...

In the era of competition, understanding position company is crucial in order to be able set strategy strengthen and increase competitive market. It important have a strong budgeting forecasting process establish target achieved which then as basis plan business more detail. Budgeting provides guidance, direction for achieve within period time. However, it no doubt that has been painful, taking...

Proxy re-encryption is a cryptographic primitive developed to delegate the decryption right from one party (the delegator) to another (the delegatee). In a proxy re-encryption scheme, the delegator assigns a key to a proxy to re-encrypt all messages encrypted with his public key such that the re-encrypted ciphertexts can be decrypted with the delegatee’s private key. We propose a type-and-ident...

The dramatic change in aggregate fiscal policy in recent years has contributed to a shift from process rules to allocation rules in federal budgeting. Although the allocation rules inherent in formula budgeting seem to offer fairness in times of fiscal constraint, they actually impose arbitrary program-level budgets that reflect the peculiarities of baselines, accounting conventions, and time h...

This article assesses the current situation of the implementation of the performance budgeting system in Turkey from the perspective of public administrations under the general budget. It examines all stages of the performance budgeting process (strategic planning, performance programming, budgeting, accountability reporting and auditing) as well as all elements of the system (legislation, meth...

This paper addresses integrated scheduling, planning and budgeting with financial risk management in the batch chemical process industries. A cash flow and budgeting model is coupled with an advanced planning and scheduling procedure using a two-stage stochastic formulation. The results of the integrated model are compared with the results of the sequential use of scheduling followed by budgeti...

A review of reforms in the financing of hospital services in eight European countries and Australia reveals a commitment to a common objective of relating resource use to hospital workload by means of a standardized case-mix framework in the pursuit of greater efficiency. While this objective is also shared with the U.S. prospective payment system (PPS), it is noteworthy that the majority of co...

Design hierarchy plays an important role in timing-driven placement for large circuits. In this paper, we present a new methodology for delay budgeting based timing-driven placement. A novel slack assignment approach is described as well as its application on delay budgeting with design hierarchy information. The proposed timing-driven placement flow is evaluated using an industrial place and r...