Two experiments independently investigated the basis of the chewing gum induced context-dependent memory effect. At learning and/or recall, participants either chewed flavourless gum (Experiment 1) or received mint-flavoured strips (Experiment 2). No context-dependent memory effect was found with either flavourless gum or mint-flavoured strips, indicating that independently the contexts were in...

Any views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of CIFOR, the authors' institutions or the financial sponsors of this publication. Contents Abbreviations vi Acknowledgements vii Foreword viii 1 Challenges and forest-based opportunities in the drylands of Ethiopia 1 1.1 Drylands of Ethiopia 1 1.2 Challenges facing the drylands of Ethi...

OBJECTIVES The finding that chewing gum can moderate state anxiety under conditions of acute stress has proved difficult to replicate. The present study examines the extent to which chewing gum can moderate state anxiety under conditions of acute social stress. METHOD In a between-participants design, 36 participants completed a task comprising a mock job interview (a variation on the Trier S...

Xanthan gum is an anionic heteropolysaccharide produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. Synergistic galactomannan – xanthan gum interactions are used for commercial and technological applications. Prosopis seed gum were mixed with xanthan gum (Sigma, U.S.A) at the following ratios 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100 (0.5 % ). Solutions (w/w) were prepared and heated for 1 h. After...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the safety and efficacy of treatment with 2-mg nicotine gum for smoking cessation during pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant women who smoked daily received individualized behavioral counseling and random assignment to a 6-week treatment with 2-mg nicotine gum or placebo followed by a 6-week taper period. Women who did not quit smoking were instructed to reduce the number of cig...

Organic tofu using organic compatible coagulants of magnesium chloride and three polysaccharides including carrageenan, guar gum and gum Arabic were generated. For MgCl2 coagulated tofu, carrageenan significantly increased the hardness from 969.5 g to 1210.5 g whereas guar gum (0.6g) decreased the hardness to 505.5 g. Interestingly, gypsum and guar gum (0.6g) increased the yield of tofu signifi...

In principle, pure functional languages promise straightforward architecture-independent parallelism. We investigate the validity of this claim in the context of our highly-portable implementation of an implicitly-parallel functional language: the GUM implementation of Glasgow Parallel Haskell (GpH). We focus here on the low-level architecture independence of GUM: the high-level architecture in...

The present paper describes development of a polysaccharide based compression coated tablets of secnidazole for colon delivery. Core tablet containing secnidazole was compression coated with various proportions of guar gum, xanthan gum and chitosan, either alone or in combinations. Drug release studies were performed in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) for 2 h followed by simulated intestinal flui...

Plasma nicotine levels were measured over seven hours of smoking cigarettes (1-2 mg nicotine) in a single subject under standardised conditions, and were compared with the levels obtained from chewing-gum containing either 2 mg or 4 mg nicotine. Levels comparable to those resulting from smoking were not obtained with the 2-mg gum, but peak levels on the 4-mg gum averaged 40-1 ng/ml from the thi...

Stress is prevalent in human life and threatens both physical and mental health; stress coping is thus of adaptive value for individual's survival and well-being. Although there has been extensive research on how the neural and physiological systems respond to stressful stimulation, relatively little is known about how the brain dynamically copes with stress evoked by this stimulation. Here we ...