This study examined the impact of exchange rate on balance payments in Nigeria. Data for which are payments, rate, interest trade openness and crude oil price were extracted from Central Bank Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin covering period 1981-2019. The method data analysis is Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM). results reveal that there a positive relationship between Nigeria, has si...

Given that both the costs and the benefits of biodiversity-enhancing land-use measures are subject to spatial variation, considerations of allocational efficiency call for spatially differentiated compensation payments for such measures. However, when deciding whether to implement uniform or spatially differentiated compensation payments, the regulator has to balance the allocational efficiency...