In Iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during Pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. Historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in Iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. This es...

Abstract In the wake of the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and the ensuing dominance of political Islam discourse and its impact on Pakistani society, the ground was prepared for the spread of Wahhabism and anti-Shiism in that country due to the failure of the Islamabad government to manage the reactive conduct of extremist Salafist groups as well as its engagement in internal dis...

ideoloty and leadership of revolution are two of the most important factors of occurance of revolutions. in this research, besides the determination and introduction of the base, content and amount of spreading of islamic revolution ideology and also specialities, functions and strategies of the leadership of imam khomeini in islamic revolution, we have pointed out the decisive and essential im...