This paper proposes a new test for cross-sectional dependence in …xed e¤ects panel data models. It is well known that ignoring cross-sectional dependence leads to incorrect statistical inference. In the panel data literature, attempts to account for cross-sectional dependence include factor models and spatial correlation. In most cases, strong assumptions on the covariance matrix are imposed. A...

Extreme ecosystems such as hot springs are of great interest as a source of novel extremophilic species, enzymes, metabolic functions for survival and biotechnological products. India harbors hundreds of hot springs, the majority of which are not yet explored and require comprehensive studies to unravel their unknown and untapped phylogenetic and functional diversity. The aim of this study was ...

simulation and contrivance in hariri’s maghamat shaker amery * â  â abstractâ in the fourth century after hijra (a.h), many kinds of rhetoric arts became common and popular in literary texts. in that cultural atmosphere, the maghamat emerged. badi al-zaman al-hamadani was the first to write the maghamat in arabic literature in the second half of the fourth century (a.h). the principal recurre...

maqama has been introduced to the islamic east by badi' al-zaman al-hamadani and hariri. this type of prose gain popularity among andalusian writers, and some of them, such as sarakosti, al-wahrani, and al-azodi, created maqamat. literature is a mirror that reflects the economic and social characteristics of an era. however, the above-mentioned maqamat did not reflect the real role and of ...