Introduction: The origin of halitosis comes from the Latin word "Halitus" meaning 'breath, exhaled air.' Halitosis is an unpleasant odour in breathing, also known by name bad breath. purpose this research to evaluate level knowledge fresh medical graduates and their management skills towards halitosis. Methods & Materials: A questionnaire was designed collect required information graduates....

This paper draws on Card’s discussions of moral luck to consider the complicated moral life of people—described as pessimists—who accept the heavy knowledge of the predictability of the bad moral luck of oppression. The potential threat to ethics posed by this knowledge can be overcome by the pessimist whose resistance to oppression, even in the absence of hope, expresses a sense of still havin...

The aim was to validate self-perceived oral health with salivary IgG as an inflammatory parameter in children with type 1 diabetes. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 36 children with well controlled and 12 with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes and 40 non-diabetic children (Controls). Salivary flow rate, random blood glucose level, salivary protein concentration and immunogl...

Information often comes as a mix of good and bad news, prompting the question, "Do you want the good news or the bad news first?" In such cases, news-givers and news-recipients differ in their concerns and considerations, thus creating an obstacle to ideal communication. In three studies, we examined order preferences of news-givers and news-recipients and the consequences of these preferences....

OBJECTIVE To explore patient's perspectives and expectations from physicians with respect to breaking of bad news. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Community Health Centre of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan. All consenting individuals from 18 to 60 years of age were interviewed on the basis of a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. RESULTS The response ...

Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) is a plant that grows in tropical areas and was previously known as an ornamental plant, but later used medicinal plant. The use of red traditionally beneficial curing diseases such thrush toothache. Meanwhile, decoction, which antiseptic, can act mouthwash, prevent bad breath eliminate body odor. From chromatography, it leaves contain flavonoids, ...