this study was conducted to investigate commercial formulations of insecticides against western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande).the insects were collected from commercial greenhouses of cucumber in varamin, iran. the tested insecticides were diazinon (ec 60%), cypermethrin (ec 40%), fipronil (ec 2.5%), imidacloprid (sc 35%) and a botanical insecticide oxymatrine (kingbo, as...

BACKGROUND Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening is a bacterial disease vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) causing tree decline, and yield loss. Vector control and foliar nutrition are used in Florida to slow the spread of HLB and mitigate debilitating effects of the disease. A four year replicated field study was initiated February 2008 in a 5.2-ha commercial block of young 'Valencia'...

Toxicity of 17 commonly used insecticides used to control diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) was evaluated against adults of Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov. The insecticide concentrations studied were equivalent to those recommended in the field. Adults of the parasitoid were released into exposure kits with fresh dry insecticide film for 24 hours, at which time mortalities were noted. The...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a bacterial infection of citrus trees transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. Mitigation of HLB has focused on spraying of insecticides to reduce the psyllid population and removal of trees when they first show symptoms of the disease. These interventions have been only marginally effective, because symptoms of HLB do not appear on leaves for months to y...

Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis is a wide-spread soil bacterium affiliated with the B. cereus group (Bcg) and is widely used in biocontrol products applied against mosquito and black fly larvae. For monitoring and quantification of applied B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis and its effect on indigenous B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis and Bcg assemblages, efficient and reliable...

Spirotetramat (Movento®) is a systemic insecticide that is used to control scale insects on kiwifruit. The use of protectant copper sprays on kiwifruit has become increasingly common due to the bacterial disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. This study investigated the interaction of copper with spirotetramat and how it influenced the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat within the ...

Under continual exposure to naturally occurring plant toxins and synthetic insecticides, insects have evolved cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) capable of metabolizing a wide range of structurally different compounds. Two such P450s, CYP6B8 and CYP321A1, expressed in Helicoverpa zea (a lepidopteran) in response to plant allelochemicals and plant signaling molecules metabolize these compoun...

Up to the present, no nutritional studies of the genus Musca have been made, despite the fact that M. dome8tica is extensively used for the laboratory testing of insecticides, and that in recent years, with the development of resistance to insecticides, the importance of physiological studies of the housefly has increased. In general, the nutritional requirements of insects for lipids are mostl...