T year the WTO is supposed to address paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPs Agreement and Public Health, and perhaps the larger issue of the rules under which countries can export health care technologies. The issues that are imperfectly raised in the Declaration are important, as they involve the ability of a country to seek an efficient supplier for a medicine or other health care ...

Recent months have seen intensified global calls for an intellectual property waiver of COVID-19 related vaccines, treatments and products. Where one side the debate elevates Intellectual Property Rights as on obstacle to affordable expeditious access vaccines treatments, other points existing TRIPS flexibilities such compulsory licensing, necessity future innovation well factors manufacturing ...

The protection of trademarks is necessitated to safeguard the interests businesspersons and consumers thereby contributing country’s overall economic growth development. This, in turn, calls for a strong system capable adjusting itself with dynamic all stakeholders. Ethiopia has adopted relatively comprehensive trademark legislations 2006. country also negotiating accession World Trade Organiza...

1 who work for the industry-funded Hudson Institute, advocate the use of patented drugs, pointing to what they say are risks associated with generic drugs. They confuse generic drugs with old, substandard, ineffective, and counterfeit drugs. Generic does not mean old. The 1996 World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements mandate all member countries to provide 20-year patent protection for medicin...

This article focuses on the Brazilian policy for distribution of medicines to persons living with HIV/AIDS. It attempts to present readers with the social scenario in which this policy has been developed and implemented, and describes the history of how the epidemic has been dealt with in Brazil. Some historical references are mentioned in order to provide a better understanding of the principl...

More than a third of the world's population has no access to essential drugs. More than half of this group of people live in the poorest regions of Africa and Asia. Several factors determine the accessibility of drugs in developing countries. Hardly any medicines for tropical diseases are being developed, but even existing drugs are often not available to the patients who need them. One of the ...

December 31, 1999, in addition to being the last day of the 20 century, was the deadline for all but the least-developed countries to comply with the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requirements of the WTO for extending and harmonizing Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Many countries have complied in full while others are in process in some regards, but virtually...