An attenuated nontoxinogenic nonencapsulated Bacillus anthracis spore vaccine expressing high levels of recombinant mutant protective antigen (PA), which upon subcutaneous immunization provided protection against a lethal B. anthracis challenge, was found to have the potential to serve also as an oral vaccine. Guinea pigs immunized per os with the recombinant spore vaccine were primed to B. ant...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a killed oral cholera vaccine produced in Viet Nam, and to compare the Vietnamese vaccine with one that is licensed internationally. METHOD Two-dose regimens of a locally produced, bivalent, anti-O1, anti-O139 killed oral whole-cell cholera vaccine (biv-WC) and of a commercially available, monovalent (anti-O1) oral recombinant B subunit-killed whole-cell cholera vaccine ...

pertussis is still endemic and the recently resurgence of the disease caused by bordetella pertussis has been shown in many countries. the polymorphism of the virulence genes of b. pertussis and lack of any information about the allelic variation between the iranian isolates promotes us to analysis of the genes encoded virulence factors including ptxs1, prn, fim3 and cya to understand the diffe...

The colonization of poultry with different Salmonella enterica serovars poses an issue throughout the world. In this study we therefore tested the efficacy of a vaccine consisting of attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Infantis against challenge with the same serovars and with S. Agona, Dublin and Hadar. We tested oral and aerosol administration of th...

In refugee settings, the use of cholera vaccines is controversial since a mass vaccination campaign might disrupt other priority interventions. We therefore conducted a study to assess the feasibility of such a campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in a refugee camp. The campaign, using killed whole-cell/recombinant B-subunit cholera vaccine, was carried out in October 1997 among 44,00...

We demonstrated that peripheral T cell tolerance toward murine melanoma self-antigens gp100 and TRP-2 can be broken by an autologous oral DNA vaccine containing the murine ubiquitin gene fused to minigenes encoding peptide epitopes gp100(25-33) and TRP-2(181-188). These epitopes contain dominant anchor residues for MHC class I antigen alleles H-2D(b) and H-2K(b), respectively. The DNA vaccine w...

introduction and aims: in order to prevent liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in later life, it is essential to prevent hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in infants. despite the availability of an effective vaccine, hepatitis b still continues to be a significant health problem. the aim of this study is to reveal the efficacy of passive and active immunoprophylaxis for preventing peri...

conclusions hbv vaccination in infancy is effective at preventing chronic hbv infection but is less effective at preventing occult hbv infection. similar studies examining the efficacy of adult hbv vaccination in preventing occult hbv have not been performed. this case highlights the importance of carefully determining the hbv status of high-risk individuals, as vaccination history and the pres...

Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2006 869 6. Koprowski H. The mouse inoculation test. In: Meslin FX, Kaplan MM, Koprowski H, editors. Laboratory techniques in rabies. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996. p. 80–7. 7. Orciari LA, Niezgoda M, Hanlon CA, Shaddock JH, Sanderlin DW, Yager PA, et al. Rapid clearance of SAG-2 rabies virus from dogs after oral vac...

In order to determine the efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in Iranian infants, we analyzed the efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in 115 infants aged 12-24 months born to HBsAg negative mothers who received three doses of HBV Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was checked after the third dose of the vaccine, 94.8% of the infants had developed protective...