BACKGROUND The optimal management of chronic ruptures of the Achilles tendon is surgical reconstruction. Reconstruction of the Achilles tendon using peroneus brevis has been widely reported. Classically, these procedures involve relatively long surgical wounds in a relatively hypovascular area which is susceptible to wound breakdown. RESULTS We describe our current method of peroneus brevis r...

Although steady swimming has received considerable attention in prior studies, unsteady swimming movements represent a larger portion of many aquatic animals' locomotive repertoire and have not been examined extensively. Squids and cuttlefishes are cephalopods with unique muscular hydrostat-driven, dual-mode propulsive systems involving paired fins and a pulsed jet. These animals exhibit a wide...

Introduction The medial thigh muscles –the adductor group– are in the medial compartment of the thigh. The adductor group of thigh muscles consist of adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis and obturator externus muscles. Collectively these muscles are the adductors of the thigh; however actions of some of these muscles are more complex [1]. Pectineus also belongs anatomical...

Palmaris brevis spasm syndrome is a rare and benign condition of localised muscular hyperactivity. In five men, the hypothenar eminence underwent spontaneous, irregular, tonic contractions of the palmaris brevis muscle. An EMG showed spontaneous high frequency discharges of normal motor units, without evidence of neuropathy or of nerve compression. This syndrome resembles other restricted muscl...

UV light and photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) and silver (Ag) are useful for disinfection of water and surfaces. However, the effect of UV wavelength on photocatalytic disinfection of spores is not well understood. Inactivation of Bacillus spores has been examined using different UV wavelengths and TiO(2) or TiO(2)/Ag composite materials. The level of UVA disinfection of Bacillu...

BACKGROUND Human exposure to brevetoxins produced by the red tide organism, Karenia brevis, is an increasing public health concern. Using in vitro exposure of rat liver cells to brevetoxin B (PbTx-2), the primary toxin product of K. brevis, we previously showed that it formed C(27,28)-epoxy brevetoxin metabolites capable of covalently binding to nucleic acids, a common initiation step for carci...

Lactobacillus brevis was isolated from the intestinal tract of Sander lucioperca and its immunological parameters as well as intestinal morphology were studied. Thereafter, the fish were challenged with 4.5×108 CFU/g Aeromonas hydrophila. The fish were monitored daily and the rate of survival was recorded over a period of 7 days post-challenge. The results showed that feeding with supplemented ...

BACKGROUND In order to facilitate normal gait, toes require to be in a rectus position during the propulsive phase. This requires a correct balance and sequence of activity of the intrinsic musculature of the feet. Alteration of this balance and sequence may lead to the development of claw toes. Atrophy of the lumbricals occurs in the development of claw toes, but it is not known if changes occ...

The aim of this study is to reduce antinutritional factors and to improve the nutritional properties of Kutukutu during fermentation with Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). For that, Kutukutu (700 g) was prepared in the laboratory and inoculated with pure cultures of LAB (10(9) CFU/mL). Then, preparation was incubated for 120 h. Every 24 h, Kutukutu were collected, dried at 45°C for 24 h, and analyzed...