Anal manometry measures circumferential pressures but not axial forces that are responsible for defecation and contribute to fecal continence. Our aims were to investigate these mechanisms by measuring axial rectoanal forces with an intrarectal sphere or a latex balloon fixed at 8, 6, or 4 cm from the anal verge and connected to axial force and displacement transducers. Rectoanal forces and rec...

The oesophagus serves to transport food and fluid from the pharynx to the stomach. Oesophageal function is usually evaluated by means of manometry which is a proxy of the force in the radial direction. However, force measurements in the axial direction will provide a better measure of oesophageal transport function. The aim of this study was to develop a probe based on electrical impedance meas...

the joints between segmental rings can withstand a certain amount of bending moment as well as axial and shear forces. generally, in the structural analysis of tunnel segmental lining, the joints can be modeled as elastic hinges or rotational springs, and their rigidity should be demonstrated in terms of the rigidity of the joints or their rotational stiffness. therefore, the bending moment act...

in this paper, the modified euler-bernoulli beam model is presented to examine the influence of surface elasticity and residual surface tension on the critical force of axial buckling of nanotubes in the presence of rotary inertia. an explicit solution is derived for the buckling loads of microscaled euler beams considering surface effects. the size-dependent buckling behavior of the nanotube d...

The radial stator of three-pole radial-axial hybrid magnetic bearings (HMB) has three magnetic poles and the three magnetic poles are driven by a three-phase converter, so the three-pole radial-axial HMB has the advantages of compact structure, low cost, low power consumption and so on. However, as the sum of three-phase current is zero and the three radial magnetic poles are asymmetric, the re...

As a simple and highly accurate axial force management method during manufacturing maintenance of bolt-tightened structures, we examined to calculate the from images bolt head. In this method, is calculated using strain on head measured by digital image correlation (DIC) technique relationship between finite element analysis (FEA). We through two comparisons. The first was compare DIC with gaug...

Although segmental tunnel linings are often used for seismic areas, the influence of segment joints on the segmental lining behavior under seismic loading has not been thoroughly considered in the literature. This paper presents the results of a numerical study investigating the effects of the rotational, axial, and radial joint stiffness of the longitudinal joints on the structural force...

In this paper, we propose a decentralized control system of multiple mobile robots transporting a single object in coordination without using force/torque sensors. In this system, each robot is controlled as if it has a specified impedance dynamics without using a force/torque sensor. The robots transport an object in coordination using a leader-follower type control algorithm. The effect of pa...