This target article presents an integrated evolutionary model of the development of attachment and human reproductive strategies. It is argued that sex differences in attachment emerge in middle childhood, have adaptive significance in both children and adults, and are part of sex-specific life history strategies. Early psychosocial stress and insecure attachment act as cues of environmental ri...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of coping processes on psychophysiological and psychological responses in stressful settings. In particular, we focused on the effects of a combination of active and avoidant coping processes. Subjects were 40 healthy undergraduate male students (mean=19.80, S.D.=0.97) who were randomly divided into four groups: (a) an effort coping group...

OBJECTIVE Insecure attachment was explored as a moderator of the relationship between disease severity and psychosocial variables in a study of adjustment in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHOD Participants were 218 women recruited through notices placed in the community, in gastroenterologists' offices, and through online postings to support groups and message boards specific...

the purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among attachment styles (avoidant, secure and ambivalent), emotional intelligence, marital satisfaction and marital conflict in married female teachers of elementary schools in ahvaz. in this descriptive-correlational study, the sample consisted of 250 married female teachers who were selected through multi-stage random sampling. to g...

Attachment avoidance is characterized by discomfort with closeness and a reluctance to develop intimacy with romantic partners, which contribute to heightened general negativity and lower satisfaction and self-disclosure in and out of their relationships. Recent research, however, has begun to uncover circumstances in which romantic partners and positive relationships buffer more avoidantly att...

In the current research, we tested the extent to which attachment insecurity produces inaccurate and biased perceptions of intimate partners' emotions and whether more negative perceptions of partners' emotions elicit the damaging behavior often associated with attachment insecurity. Perceptions of partners' emotions as well as partners' actual emotions were assessed multiple times in couples' ...

AIM To illuminate ways that avoidant leadership can be enacted in contemporary clinical settings. BACKGROUND Avoidance is identified in relation to laissez-faire leadership and passive avoidant leadership. However, the nature and characteristics of avoidance and how it can be enacted in a clinical environment are not detailed. METHODS This paper applied secondary analysis to data from two q...

Across cultures, people try to "undo" bad luck with superstitious rituals such as knocking on wood, spitting, or throwing salt. We suggest that these rituals reduce the perceived likelihood of anticipated negative outcomes because they involve avoidant actions that exert force away from one's representation of self, which simulates the experience of pushing away bad luck. Five experiments test ...

This study investigated the relationship of self-efficacy and coping styles to stress and burnout in selected coaches sports in Tehran. Accordingly, 450 coaches were randomly selected on the base of Morgan table. Data gathered from the questionnaires as follows; a) coping style of stress (Dadsetan et al., 2009, α=0/74), b) self efficacy (Schwartz et al., 1995, α=0/82) and, c) Burnout Inventory ...