OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of deltoid ligament injury in bimalleolar supination-external rotation type fractures and whether there is a correlation between the size of the fractured medial malleolus and deltoid ligament injury . METHODS Twenty six consecutive patients underwent magnetic resonance exams after clinical and radiographic diagnosis of bimalleolar supination-external rotat...

Given p ∈ (0, 1), we let be the random subgraph of d-dimensional hypercube Qd where edges are present independently with probability p. It is well known that, as d → ∞, if then high Qp connected; and consists one giant component together many smaller components which form “fragment”. Here fix , investigate fragment, how it sits inside hypercube. For example, give asymptotic estimates for mean n...

Two models of binary fragmentation are introduced in which a time dependent transition size produces two regions of fragment sizes above and below the transition size. In the models we consider a fixed rate of fragmentation for the largest fragment and two different rates of fragmentation for the two regions of sizes above and below the transition size. The models are solved exactly in the long...

The wealth of molecular data generated over the past two decades has led to the documentation of highly disparate rates of molecular evolution among different taxa. Among the more intriguing studies is that of Martin and Palumbi (1993), who presented data (their Table 2) derived from a variety of vertebrate taxa purporting to show that the rate of molecular evolution is inversely correlated wit...

The proteasome is the major protease for intracellular protein degradation. The influx rate of protein substrates and the exit rate of the fragments/products are regulated by the size of the axial channels. Opening the channels is known to increase the overall degradation rate and to change the length distribution of fragments. We develop a mathematical model with a flux that depends on the gat...

The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique is being increasingly used in phylogenetic studies, especially in groups of rapidly radiating taxa. One of the key issues in the phylogenetic suitability of this technique is whether the DNA fragments generated via the AFLP method are homologous within and among the taxa being studied. We used a bioinformatics approach to assess homolo...